The adult fruit fly antenna consists of six segments. From proximal to distal, these are called a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 and arista (a6; Fig. 1A). The different segments of the antenna serve distinct sets of functions including hygrosensation (arista), thermosensation (a3), olfaction (a3), and audition (arista and a2) (Carlson, 1996; Eberl, 1999; Goepfert and Robert, 2001; Sayeed and Benzer, 1996). A...

Distal-less (Dll) is best known as a transcription factor involved with "limb patterning" in Drosophila melanogaster. Observations of both deuterostome and protostome phyla have led to the suggestion that some aspect of this gene's function in "appendage" or proximal-distal "outgrowth" development is conserved. Here we explore the possibility of other conserved roles operating earlier in develo...

The performance of a coherent delay-locked tracking scheme for direct-sequence/spread-spectrum systems using half-sine or triangular chip waveforms for early and late despreading sequences is analyzed. The effect of band-limiting on the received signals is considered. Mean time to lose lock (MTLL) and root mean square (rms) tracking error of the delay-locked loop (DLL) are compared with that of...

Limb development requires the elaboration of a proximodistal (PD) axis, which forms orthogonally to previously defined dorsoventral (DV) and anteroposterior (AP) axes. In arthropods, the PD axis of the adult leg is subdivided into two broad domains, a proximal coxopodite and a distal telopodite. We show that the progressive subdivision of the PD axis into these two domains occurs during embryog...

Activation of Notch signaling in hematopoietic cells by tumors contributes to immune escape. T-cell defects in tumors can be reversed by treating tumor-bearing mice with multivalent forms of the Notch receptor ligand DLL-1, but the immunologic correlates of this effect have not been elucidated. Here, we report mechanistic insights along with the efficacy of combinational treatments of multivale...

The problem of expressing and solving satisfiability problems (SAT) with qualitative preferences is central in many areas of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In previous papers, it has been shown that qualitative preferences on literals allow for capturing qualitative/quantitative preferences on literals/formulas; and that an optimal model for a satisfiability problems with qualita...

This paper describes a 1.6GHz clock synthesizer which employs a delay locked loop (DLL) to generate multiple phases that are combined to produce the desired output clock frequency. A self correcting circuit ensures that the DLL arrives at the correct locked state irrespective of its power-up state or following either a wide variation in the input reference clock frequency or missing pulses in t...

A new framework for presenting and analyzing the functionality of a modern DLL-based SAT solver is proposed. Our approach exploits the inherent relation between backtracking and resolution. We show how to derive the algorithm of a modern SAT solver from DLL stepby-step. We analyze the inference power of Boolean Constraint Propagation, Non-Chronological Backtracking and 1UIP-based Conflict-Direc...