Innovation demands the integration of diverse forms and sources of knowledge. The boundaries of design networks continually leverage new knowledge resources to achieve increased innovation in contexts such as high-visibility architecture, engineering and construction projects. We refer to these continuously expanding boundaries as the “rolling edge” of design networks. Within these expanding de...

At the Post-Cold War Era, western cultural hegemony came under question, and was replaced by cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is likely to result in cultural relativism, and might, as Huntington said, cause competition and clash among all civilizations, which will in turn lead to a global cultural crisis. Cultural crisis in China has changed with the period of time, and has not broken awa...

Piroplasms are tick-transmitted, intracellular, hemoprotozoan parasites that cause anorexia, fever, anemia, and icterus. Theileriosis is caused by Theileria sergenti and causes major economic losses in grazing cattle in Japan and Korea. In May 2003, we examined the antigenic diversity of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene in 35 healthy Jeju black cattle that were born and raised at...

Aim We analysed range-wide chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in a clade of North American goldenrods (Solidago subsect. Humiles) to infer its biogeographical history and evolution. Our objectives were to: (1) examine the structuring of cpDNA diversity in this widespread species complex, (2) reconstruct Pleistocene refugia and post-glacial migration of the study species, and (3) test hypotheses ...

Factors that maintain genetic and species diversity may act in concert in natural ecosystems. Here, we investigate correlations between genetic diversity (in eight salt marsh species) and community species diversity. A significant positive correlation existed between genetic diversity and species richness, although the relationship was not significant for any species individually. Nonetheless, ...

In addition to the aim of mapping and sequencing one human's genome, the Human Genome Project also intends to characterise the genetic diversity of the world's peoples. The Human Genome Diversity Project raises political, economic and ethical issues. These intersect clearly when the genomes under study are those of indigenous peoples who are already subject to serious economic, legal and/or soc...

This study proposes a simulated annealing-based approach for simultaneously solving balancing and sequencing problems of mixed-model U-lines. The proposed approach is capable of minimizing the number of workstations required on the mixed-model U-line as well as minimizing absolute deviation of workloads (ADW) among workstations. An experiment to evaluate the performance of the algorithm is also...

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) channels are known for some time now to offer either greater link gains or better spectral efficiency, depending on the correlation level of the scattering environment [1]. However, the benefits to be gained from the use of smarter antenna topologies do definitely not rule out gains available by the use of other techniques, such as polarisation diversity. T...

The concept of biodiversity embraces a multifaceted and hierarchical analysis of the complexity of life, with implications in many areas of science, philosophy, ethics, politics, and even religion. Three levels are included in the commonly accepted definitions: genetical, species, and ecosystem diversity, going from the intraspecific level to the landscape. Here, I argue that a fourth level, ne...

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease, transmitted by species of phlebotomus vectors of the genus Lutzomyia and is responsible for over 1500 yearly cases in Ecuador. Vector collection studies in Ecuador suggest an association between the ecological diversity of an ecosystem, presence of reservoir host and the abundance of sand y species. Data collected in a Coastal community suggest tha...