How and in what ways money matters in education is a long-standing question among policymakers and education researchers. This issue is particularly salient to large, urban school districts, where debates on the organization of school often gravitate toward issues of financial resources and academic performance. Large urban districts, the story goes, spend more money per pupil but generate lowe...

background: cancer is the third cause of death in iran, with an increasing incidence projected for the next decade. this study aimed to provide a disaggregated viewpoint on cancer incidence in all 22 districts of tehran, using the geographic information system (gis). identifying clusters of cancers may assist in recognizing the cause of the disease, visualizing patterns of cancer distribution, ...

BACKGROUND Regional variations in mortality can be used to study and assess differences in disease prevalence and factors leading to disease and mortality from different causes. To enable this comparison, it is important to standardize the mortality data to adjust for the effects of regional population differences in age, nationality and country of origin. METHODS Standardized mortality ratio...

OBJECTIVE The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is designed to address the five leading causes of childhood mortality, which together account for 70% of the 10 million deaths occurring among children worldwide annually. Although IMCI is associated with improved quality of care, which is a key determinant of better health outcomes, it has not yet been widely adopted, par...

Endemicity mapping is required to determining whether a district requires mass drug administration (MDA). Current guidelines for mapping LF require that two sites be selected per district and within each site a convenience sample of 100 adults be tested for antigenemia or microfilaremia. One or more confirmed positive tests in either site is interpreted as an indicator of potential transmission...

Introduction Across the country, school districts rely on a combination of local, state, and federal funds to operate schools – with local and state funds making up over 90 percent of all public school funding.i State and federal funds are distributed to districts on the basis of funding formulas. State funding formulas have a significant impact on the amount of funding that districts receive b...

BACKGROUND The Kabeho Mwana project (2006-2011) supported the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MOH) in scaling up integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in 6 of Rwanda's 30 districts. The project trained and equipped community health workers (CHWs) according to national guidelines. In project districts, Kabeho Mwana staff also trained CHWs to conduct household-level health p...

BACKGROUND An integrated audit tool was developed for five chronic diseases, namely diabetes, hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and epilepsy. Annual audits have been done in the Western Cape Metro district since 2009. The year 2012 was the first year that all six districts in South Africa's Western Cape Province participated in the audit process. AIM To determine whe...

Districts Samut Songkhram Province is a valuable architectural market. The lifestyle of the community's relationship with the living space and the relationship between the architectural style of the area's residential waterfront communities of Bangnoi Floating Bangkhonthi Districts Samut Songkhram Province, which deserves to be preserved. Therefore, this research it helps to know the value of t...

The Adams apportionment method is the only divisor method that consistently favors small districts relative to the Hamilton method. The Jefferson method is the only divisor method that favors large districts relative to the Hamilton method. These statements hold for the Balinski and Young [3] interpretation of "favoring small/large districts," and for the partial "majorization ranking" introduc...