in this paper, the formation of club convergence among real per capita gdp of iran’s provinces is tests through use of non-parametric quantile regression and distribution dynamics approach. the results show two convergence clubs are forming among provinces and most of them are converging toward poor club. also, calculation of convergence speed shows that there is a vast difference among economi...

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with both gas distribution flow channels and Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is developed. A set of conservation equation is numerically solved by developing a CFD code based on the finite volume technique and SIMPLE algorithm. In this research, some parameters like oxygen consumption, water...

This article presents the results of a numerical study, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the species distribution of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with deflected membrane electrode assembly (MEA). These new geometry were examined while employing three-dimensional, single phase, non-isothermal and parallel flow for model of a PEM fuel cell. This num...

It is necessary to obtain a fundamental understanding of the goaf gas flow patterns in longwall mine in order to develop optimum goaf gas drainage and spontaneous combustion (sponcom) management strategies. The best ventilation layout for a longwall underground mine should assist in goaf gas drainage and further reduce the risk of sponcom in the goaf. Further, in the longwall panel, regulators ...