Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV act synergistically to enhance and accelerate the development of tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Hematogenous dissemination of M. tuberculosis leading to extrapulmonary TB, disseminated TB and miliary TB is greatly increased in HIV+ TB patients. We have compared the transcriptome of M. tuberculosis replicating in whole blood f...

genitourinary tuberculosis (gutb) is difficult to diagnose in the earlier stage owing to the non-specific symptoms. usually, renal tuberculous involvement is unilateral and the imaging finding is renal calcification, but associated calcifications of bilateral ureter and bladder are rare. we report a 66-year-old man who presented with diffuse calcification of the urinary system (including bilate...

A patient with concurrent miliary tuberculosis and disseminated aspergillosis is described.

AIM To assess HIV associated tuberculosis in a high tuberculosis prevalence setting and its status in the clinical case definition of AIDS. METHODS All HIV patients attending the infectious disease clinic, Varanasi, India between January 2001 and December 2003 were included in the study. They were stratified into three distinct immunological categories depending on their CD4 levels in accorda...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a multiple-dose series of an inactivated whole cell mycobacterial vaccine, Mycobacterium vaccae, can prevent HIV-associated tuberculosis. DESIGN AND METHODS The DarDar trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The study was carried in an outpatient facility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts of at least 2...

The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global concern since, despite a complex treatment regime, it still remains a lethal threat. A 21-yr-old male HIV-negative migrant from Burma presented with a disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lung, spleen, liver, mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. This particular strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proved to be res...

INTRODUCTION Because a substantial number of patients present with few or atypical symptoms, the recognition of tuberculosis remains challenging. Disseminated tuberculosis presenting with septic shock has already been described in some case reports, but, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been associated with polymorphonuclear effusion. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 27-y...

T remains a major global public health problem, particularly in developing countries.1 Intestinal tuberculosis can mimic any disease such as other infectious processes, neoplastic disorders, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, and specifically colonic tuberculosis, is a challenge for physicians due to its clinical presentation is usually nonspecifi...