Coloring of anodized aluminum（alumite）with organic pigment was investigated. After alumite prepared by anodic oxidation aluminum in oxalic acid solution, pore-widening done with solution at 323 K（50 ℃）. Then iron or nickel metal deposited electrochemically pores. Pigment particles dispersed surfactant an azobenzene moiety（AZPEG）were the pores reduction AZPEG and nickel.

Progressively decreasing quantities of bacteria of some 20 strains were utilized in experiments upon the effect of dispersing the organisms in the rabbit skin through the agency of an extract of testicle or an invasive staphylococcus. The same was done with 6 strains of filterable viruses. The bacterial lesions were enhanced by spreading when the organisms introduced were above a certain number...

Aim and Purpose Biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are extremely difficult to eliminate. Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of four D-amino acids on biofilm dispersion in DUWLs. Materials and Methods A mixture of four D-amino acids (D-methionine, D-tryptophan, D-leucine, and D-tyrosine, 10 mM each), distilled water (control), and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) w...

For any finite horizon Sinai billiard map T on the two-torus, we find t_*>1 such that for each t in (0,t_*) there exists a unique equilibrium state $\mu_t$ $- t\log J^uT$, and is T-adapted. (In particular, SRB measure \log J^uT$.) We show exponentially mixing Holder observables, pressure function $P(t)=\sup_\mu \{h_\mu -\int J^uT d \mu\}$ analytic (0,t_*). In addition, P(t) strictly convex if o...

We define a family of functions F from a domain U to a range R to be dispersing if for every set S ⊆ U of a certain size and random h ∈ F , the expected value of |S| − |h[S]| is not much larger than the expectation if h had been chosen at random from the set of all functions from U to R. We give near-optimal upper and lower bounds on the size of dispersing families and present several applicati...