We propose a geometry for a piezoelectric SPM sensor that can be used for combined AFM/LFM/STM. The sensor utilises symmetry to provide a lateral mode without the need to excite torsional modes. The symmetry allows normal and lateral motion to be completely isolated, even when introducing large tips to tune the dynamic properties to optimal values.

A method suitable for the calibration of the spring constants of all torsional and lateral eigenmodes of micro- and nanocantilever sensors is described. Such sensors enable nanomechanical measurements and the characterization of nanomaterials, for example with atomic force microscopy. The method presented involves the interaction of a flow of fluid from a microchannel with the cantilever beam. ...

This paper presents numerical modeling technique for Dhajji-Dewari structures (timber-braced rubble stone masonry), and its application for the evaluation of in-plane force-deformation capacity of Dhajji wall panels of different configuration of bracings. Dhajji structures are mainly composed of vertical and horizontal timber posts and braced using diagonal bracings and horizontal studs. Wall o...

the cadaver spine motion segment behavior under torsional load was evaluated with the disc intact, with partial anterior discectomy and with spacer insertion. the results of this study explain how anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (alif) affects the torsional stability of the motion segment. the pseudarthrosis rate of the anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (alif) is k...

Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus, premature osteoarthritis, and other significant long-term disability. Certain populations, including young athletes, military personnel and those involved in frequent running, jum...

The coupled lateral–torsional stochastic response of an asymmetric one-storey base isolated building to earthquake excitation is presented. The stochastic model of the 1940 El-Centro earthquake, which preserves the non-stationary evolution of the amplitude and frequency content of the ground acceleration, is used as earthquake excitation. The base isolator consists of an array of elastomeric be...

important functions: joint lubrication, stress distribution to subchondral bone to minimize peak stress, and provision of a smooth low-friction surface. Repetitive and acute impact, as well as torsional joint loading can damage articular cartilage surfaces of the knee joint. Injury to articular cartilage can lead to pain, swelling, joint dysfunction, and possibly progressive joint degeneration....

PURPOSE To examine the influence of two patellofemoral braces on pain response, patellar alignment, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain. METHODS Fifteen women between the ages of 18 and 45 yr with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain participated. After the assessment of pain response using a visual analog scale, subjects underwent axial plane magnetic reso...