INTRODUCTION The harmful effects of secondhand smoke are convincing more and more communities across the United States and the world to prohibit smoking in public places, especially in eating and drinking establishments. A 1993 Missouri state law allows smoking in designated areas in indoor public places such as restaurants and bars. Consequently, some Missouri communities have adopted local or...

In the Republic of Bulgaria in 2017 a process transformation schools began, order for them to meet new educational structure, which is pledged School Education Act. The standard defining and building national innovative [School Act 2020]. By Order № RD 09-1746 /01.11.2016 Minister Science, “Commission Innovative Schools” has been determined. Approved by Science "Rules organization ac-tivities c...

Abstract. This paper is concerned with a model system for radiation hydrodynamics in multiple space dimensions. The system depends singularly on the light speed c and consists of a scalar nonlinear balance law coupled via an integral-type source term to a family of radiation transport equations. We first show existence of entropy solutions to Cauchy problems of the model system in the framework...

this paper offers an approach that could be useful for diverse types of layout problems or even area allocation problems. by this approach there is no need to large number of discrete variables and only by few continues variables large-scale layout problems could be solved in polynomial time. this is resulted from dividing area into discrete and continuous dimensions. also defining decision var...

Thermal analysis of a cylindrical tissue subject to a train of ultrashort pulse irradiations was made by developing a combined time-dependent radiation and conduction bio-heat transfer model. Ultrashort pulsed radiation transport in the cylindrical tissue is simulated using the transient discrete ordinate method. Treatment of focused beam is introduced. The model skin tissue is stratified as th...

Proper land tenurial arrangements perceived as an important strategy for input use and agricultural production in utilization of land resource. Government of Bangladesh initiated due measures in this respect by formulating and declaring the land reform ordinance 1984.The main quest of this study is to identify the profitability of crop cultivation and factors influencing gross revenues in the v...

In 1984, Pakistan’s military ruler General Zia-ul-Haq passed an executive Ordinance that made it a criminal offence for members of the heterodox Ahmadiyya community, a selfdefined minority sect of Islam, to refer to themselves as Muslims and practice Islam in public. Ahmadis challenged the 1984 Ordinance in both the Supreme Court and the Federal Shariat Court in Pakistan – in the former on that...

BACKGROUND Paid sick leave allows workers to take time off work for personal or family health needs, improving health and potentially limiting infectious diseases. The U.S. has no national sick leave mandate, and many American workers - particularly those at lower income levels - have no right to paid time off for their own or family members' health needs. This article reports on outcomes of a ...