the purpose of the this study was to investigate the effect of direct current on montoneuron reflex exitability. thirty six subjects (18 males, 18 females) 19.36 years of age ( x= 24.06, sd= 3.63) participated in this study. the reflex excitability of soleus motoneruons was assessed by measuring the amount of change in the peak to peak ampitude of the h-reflex before and after direct current wa...

The basic objective of English language instruction is to help students achieve competency for communicative purposes while making as few errors feasible. Corrective feedback essential because how well it improves skills. connection between learners and teachers views on the forms, methods, timing corrective has not yet received attention deserves from educational researchers. Examining perspec...

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to attend to, and reflect upon, the properties of a language. Metalinguistic awareness is often assessed using tasks of phonological and syntactical awareness (see, e.g., Bialystok & Herman, 1999; Bowey, 1990; McGuiness, 2005, for reviews). Tests of phonological awareness usually require the analysis of sounds in words, whereas tests of syntactical awaren...

Just as it is possible to refer to any entity, concrete or abstract, in extralinguistic reality, it is also possible to refer to any linguistic entity, be that a phoneme, a word, a sentence, or any other linguistic object. Metalinguistic reference can be achieved in two ways, by means of ‘autonymous’ and ‘heteronymous’ mention (cf. Recanati 2000: 137). Autonymous mention is a matter of quotatio...

In this paper I consider three technical arguments in logic which have been held by various authors at diverse times to have consequences for the philosophy of mathematics. The first is Frege’s permutation argument, which Davidson (1979) has used to show that proper names have a determinate reference only in a relative sense. The second is the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem, which (like its close rel...

The path from sound to sense crosses several disciplinary boundaries. Unfortunately, compelling early demonstrations of categorical perception helped to create a historical wedge between speech and word recognition. This talk highlights some advantages of the reintegration of these fields. First, task-dependencies found in studies of speech perception suggest lexical processes as a more appropr...

More than developing a study on punctuation, this paper intends to explore the uses of punctuation as window syntactic awareness or metasyntactic abilities. Different theoretical models identify several degrees conscious access linguistic knowledge and types metalinguistic verbalizations. The analysis canonical deviant in adult academic writing contributes characterization different awareness, ...

This study uses linguistic output to identify cognitive processes of language learning, i.e. the internalization of specific language components and metalinguistic or metacognitive learning mechanisms. Given that these processes are present in discourse production, they indicate a significant role of speech production in foreign language learning. Furthermore, they serve as predictors of learni...

The sway of the pendulum in language pedagogy towards conscious learning processes marks the paramount role of metalinguistic awareness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the impact of teacher-oriented vs. learner-generated metalinguistic awareness activities on Iranian TEFL students’ writing accuracy. Sixty participants in three intact classes were randomly assigned a...