Co-evolutionary learning is a new learning approach emerged in recent years. It is designed to deal with dynamic learning tasks, i.e., the target to be learned changes over time. Such learning problems are particularly diicult to solve by traditional machine learning methods. This paper studies co-evolutionary learning, identiies its strength and weakness, and presents some experimental results...

This paper analyzes two-sided competition in the video game industry. Video game platforms compete for software publishers and gamers and may invest into in-house publishing of own software (games) before they enter competition. Such investments affect the strength of the indirect network externalities between gamers and publishers in equilibrium. If publishers multihome, i.e., if they can rele...

The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a non-zero-sum discrete two-player game. It is often used to study social phenomena like cooperation. In this paper we describe and analyze a continuous version of the Prisoner’s Dilemma, which we call the Trader’s Dilemma. The continuous version can provide further insights in the phenomenon of cooperation because it allows new types of strategies. In the 1998 revisio...

Moral psychologists have shown that people’s past moral experiences can affect their subsequent moral decisions. One prominent finding in this line of research is that when people make a judgment about the Trolley dilemma after considering the Footbridge dilemma, they are significantly less likely to decide it is acceptable to redirect a train to save five people. Additionally, this ordering ef...

Best-response sets (Pearce [29, 1984]) characterize the epistemic condition of “rationality and common belief of rationality.” When rationality incorporates a weak-dominance (admissibility) requirement, the self-admissible set (SAS) concept (Brandenburger-Friedenberg-Keisler [18, 2008]) characterizes “rationality and common assumption of rationality.” We analyze the behavior of SAS’s in some ga...

This paper investigates cooperative play in prisoner’s dilemma games by designing an experiment to evaluate the ability of two leading theories of observed cooperation: reputation building and altruism. We analyze both one-shot and finitely repeated games to gauge the importance of these theories. We conclude that neither altruism nor reputation building alone can explain our observations. The ...

The first author's concepts of operational and conceptual disconfirmability are revised on the basis of recent critiques appearing in this journal. Operationaland conceptual disconfirmation can be conceived as alternative resolutions of the disconfirmation dilemma, which Ls the problem faced by a researcher when a theoretical prediction is empirically disconfirmed. Operational disconflrmation c...

Preferences and Beliefs in a Sequential Social Dilemma: A Within-Subjects Analysis Within-subject data from sequential social dilemma experiments reveal a correlation of firstand second-mover decisions for which two channels may be responsible, that our experiment allows to separate: i) a direct, preference-based channel that influences both firstand second-mover decisions; ii) an indirect chan...

Present study examines the effect of incidental haptic sensations on acceptance of utilitarian judgment—seeking greater happiness in exchange for a few victims—under personal and impersonal moral dilemmas. Recently, Nakamura et al. (2014) indicated that physical coldness reduced empathic concern and facilitated utilitarian judgment in personal moral dilemma. It is also shown that tactile sensat...

People exhibit group reciprocity when they retaliate, not against the person who harmed them, but against somebody else in that person's group. Group reciprocity may be a key motivation behind intergroup conflict. We investigated group reciprocity in a laboratory experiment. After a group identity manipulation, subjects played a Prisoner's Dilemma with others from different groups. Subjects the...