The idea of working memory (WM) was proposed as an attempt to pinpoint the concept of short-term memory. WM is directly related to language learning. WM includes two different aspects: (1) the maintenance of the information; and (2) the internal manipulation of that information. Some few studies have approached the question of WM in bilinguals. In general, it has been found that bilingualism fa...

A study by (García et al 2007a) showed that Games had a significant influence in the development of memory and attention processes on the basis of the Weschler Intelligence Scale digit span subtest. Table 1 shows the results of the impact of Games in this study, which involved 275 Chilean school children from a sample selected from 2,286 seventh-graders at 30 educational institutions picked ran...

The self-control study on thirty normal subjects of both genders (mean age 25.83 +/- 3.41 years) were taken in a self control study group and were tested for three types of Nostril breathing practices and Breath Awareness (BA) effects. Namely verbal recall performance of numerical data such as Digit Span Forward (DSF) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) as well associate learning memory function usin...

Several studies have reported age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution and in working memory. However, earlier studies did not provide evidence as to whether these declines reflect overall changes in the same mechanisms, or reflect age-related changes in two independent mechanisms. In the current study we examined whether the age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution and in...

We hypothesized that the Digit Span (DS) subtest and component tasks (Wechsler, 1991) would show strong relationships with a dichotic listening test (Musiek, 1983). In two sets of archival clinical data (N = 74 and N = 51) we demonstrated that: (a) individuals with central auditory deficits had lower DS scores, F(1, 72) = 7.34, p = .008; eta2 = .09; and (b) left-ear dichotic deficits impacted f...

Using Brinley plots, this meta-analysis provides a quantitative examination of age differences in eight verbal span tasks. The main conclusions are these: (a) there are age differences in all verbal span tasks; (b) the data support the conclusion that working memory span is more age sensitive than short-term memory span; and (c) there is a linear relationship between span of younger adults and ...

Over recent decades, research on cognition has been developed rapidly toward better understanding the cognitive changes that usually occur during normal aging. There is evidence that elderly individuals have worse working memory performance than young adults. However, the effect of education on this cognitive function remains unclear. Objectives To analyze the performance of healthy elderly s...