A low second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been related to high testosterone levels and to markers of high status. In a social dilemma context status can be obtained either by acting egoistically (i.e. not contributing one's share) or by acting altruistically (i.e. contributing more than one's fair share). We therefore predicted that a low 2D:4D would be associated with high levels of egois...

Palindrome number conjecture: Take any non-palindromic natural with two or more digits, add its inverse ordinal number, continue to use the inverted of sum plus sum, repeat this process continuously. After a finite operations, palindrome must be obtained. We firstly give out several definitions: The pure-single-digit-of-sum is single digits that only count numbers same digit in vertical operati...

It has been suggested that autism may arise as the result of exposure to high concentrations of prenatal testosterone. There is evidence that the ratio of the lengths of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) may be negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone. We measured 2D:4D in 95 families recruited via the National Autistic Society, UK. The sample comprised a total 72 children with autism (62 m...

It has been widely reported that men have a lower ratio of the 2nd and 4th human finger lengths (2D : 4D). Size-scaling ratios, however, have the seldom-appreciated potential for providing biased estimates. Using an information-theoretic approach, we compared 12 candidate models, with different assumptions and error structures, for scaling untransformed 2D to 4D lengths from 154 men and 262 wom...

A novel hybrid number representation is proposed in this paper. It includes the two’s complement representation and the signed-digit representation as special cases. The hybrid number representations proposed are capable of bounding the maximum length of carry propagation chains during addition to any desired value between 1 and the entire word length. The framework reveals a continuum of numbe...

We consider minimal redundant digit expansions in canonical number systems in the Gaussian integers. In contrast to the case of rational integers, where the knowledge of the two least significant digits in the “standard” expansion suffices to calculate the least significant digit in a minimal redundant expansion, such a property does not hold in the Gaussian numbers: We prove that there exist p...

This study compares, for listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss, the recognition performances obtained with digit-pair and digit-triplet stimulus sets presented in multitalker babble. Digits 1 through 10 (excluding 7) were mixed in approximately 1,000 ms segments of babble from 4 to -20 dB signal-to-babble (S/B) ratios, concatenated to form the pairs and triplets, and rec...

We combined experimental cognitive and behavior genetic methods to investigate storage and executive components of working memory in 663 middle-aged male twins. A single latent factor model indicated that digits forward (storage) and two-digit transformation (executive + storage) scores were influenced by the same genes. Additional executive demands in digit transformation appeared to increase ...

Earlier research with monolinguals and bilinguals showed that numbers may be named through both a semantic and a phonological route, depending on the number’s language and format (Arabic or verbal), task demands, and naming language. The present study investigated the importance of the semantic route for the processing of a third representation of magnitude, namely Roman digits. Using an interf...