Thick-film screen printed silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrodes have been fabricated and investigated as an alternative to liquid electrolyte Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. The performance of the electrodes was examined with variations of the potassium chloride (KCl) concentration in the final (top) layer of the electrode. Also, different types of binder (glass and polymer) were ...

Introduction: Different Perimodiolar electrodes were developed by many cochlear implant (CI) manufacturers in the past few years. Possible advantages are lower stimulation thresholds and a better channel separation. A position close to the modiolus can be facilitated by different means: preformed electrode shape (Nucleus ContourTM electrode, Cochlear Corp., Australia), additional positioning el...

This work describes two different methods for obtaining electrodes covered with gold nanoparticles: electron-beam lithography and electroreduction of an Au (III) salt by chronoamperometry. Localized surface plasmon resonances of these different electrodes have been compared. In a second step, these plasmonic AuNP electrodes were covered with an ultrathin organic film of bisthienylbenzene which ...

the transformation of biochemical information into a physical or chemical signal is the basic idea behind a biosensor. the efficient detection of charged biomolecules by biosensor with appropriate device has caught tremendous research interest in the present decade. the present work is related to the simulation study of the performance of a functionalized surface of a biologically sensitive fie...

Pulsed electric field treatment is now widely used in diverse biological and medical applications: gene delivery, electrochemotherapy, and cancer therapy. This minimally invasive technique has several advantages over traditional ablation techniques, such as nonthermal elimination and blood vessel spare effect. Different electrodes are subsequently developed for a specific treatment purpose. Her...

This contribution serves a dual purpose. The first purpose was to investigate the possibility of using a sensor array (an electronic tongue) for on-line identification and quantification of key odorants representing a variety of chemical groups at two different acidities, pH 6 and 8. The second purpose was to simplify the electronic tongue by decreasing the number of electrodes from 14, which w...

Groundwater makes up an important part of global freshwater resources, though it is often threatened by overuse of natural resources along with abundant production of wastes in modern society. This study aims to investigate the removal of three heavy metals including nickel, cadmium, and lead from groundwater via electrocoagulation, a suitable method for treatment of water-soluble compounds, de...

we explore electro-catalytic properties of a system consisting of platinum and palladium nanoparticles dispersed over a nanotubular self-organized tio2 matrix. these electrodes prepared by electroess and microemulsion of palladium and palladium nanoparticles on to tio2 nanotubes, respectively. titanium oxide nanotubes were fabricated by anodizing titanium foil in ethylene glycol (eg) fluoride-c...

Selective stimulation is delivered to the sciatic nerve using different paris of contacts on a split-ring electrode, while simulatneous recordings are acquired by the neural ribbon electrodes on three different branches. Two hook electrodes are also implanted in the muscle to monitor the activated muscle responses. It shows that the high precision implantation of electrodes, increases the effic...

carbon nanotubes are regarded as promising building blocks for the construction of novel biosensors due to their unique properties like fast electron transfer, high electrocatalytic effect and good biocompatibility. in the present study, the effect of different chemical oxidation’s methods of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) on the electrochemical behavior of modified graphite electrodes ...