The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of dichlorvos. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic ...

Pesticides on Human Subjects Concluded “No Effect,” Despite the Evidence The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) convened a panel of scientists in early 2003 to advise the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on the scientific and ethical issues surrounding the use of toxicologic studies conducted by third parties on human subjects (NAS 2003). These studies are generally sponsored by chemi...

We describe here the purification and identification of a previously unrecognized target for organophosphorus compounds. The target, acylpeptide hydrolase, was isolated as a tritiated-diisopropylfluorophosphate-reactive protein from porcine brain and purified to homogeneity using a combination of ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Biochemical characterization and internal sequence ...

Cimex lectularius L. is a widespread hematophagus insect pest around the world and is currently experiencing a reemergence as a public health pest of concern. One possible source of bed bugs to the human environment is the movement of bed bugs from poultry facilities to human structures by poultry workers. No recent studies have been conducted on the susceptibility of this insect to a wide rang...

In mud houses in Wakara, Upper Volta, dichlorvos dispensers installed at the rate of one dispenser per approximately 500 cubic feet (14 m(3)) produced 70% or higher average kills of adult Aëdes aegypti, exposed overnight in screen wire cages suspended at levels of 6 feet (1.8 m) and 2 feet (0.6 m), for approximately three months during the wet season and four months during the dry season. Avera...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, monocrotophos (MCP), dichlorvos (DDVP) and phosphamidon significantly inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B activities in rat brain mitochondria. The inhibition of MAO-A by MCP is reversible whereas the inhibition by DDVP and phosphamidon is irreversible. MAO-B is inhibited irreversibly by all these organophosphates suggesting that the mechanism of action of OP pesticide...

The expectation from the literature is that organophosphorus (OP) agents bind to proteins that have an active site serine. However, transferrin, a protein with no active site serine, was covalently modified in vitro by 0.5mM 10-fluoroethoxyphosphinyl-N-biotinamido pentyldecanamide, chlorpyrifos oxon, diisopropylfluorophosphate, dichlorvos, sarin, and soman. The site of covalent attachment was i...