Background Recent randomized controlled trials suggest that sufficiently high convection post-dilutional haemodiafiltration (HC-HDF) improves survival in dialysis patients, consequently this technique is increasingly being adopted. However, when performing HC-HDF, rigorous control systems of the ultrafiltration setting are required. Assessing the global ultrafiltration coefficient of the dialys...

BACKGROUND Water transport in peritoneal dialysis occurs through small pores and aquaporins. Free water transport (FWT) occurs through aquaporins only and gives a reflection of peritoneal aquaporin function. In this study, FWT in children was calculated for the first time in different settings. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed; 87 peritoneal equilibrium tests (PETs) were analy...

Background: The relative contribution of transcapillary water movement and lymphatic reabsorption in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a critical issue, particularly in patients with ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Based on routine results obtained from the PD Adequest 2.0 software, the present study aimed to re-evaluate the separate effects of transcapillary water movement and lymphatic reabsorption ...

Excessive intraperitoneal absorption of glucose during peritoneal dialysis has both local cytotoxic and systemic metabolic effects. Here we evaluate peritoneal dialysis solutions containing L-carnitine, an osmotically active compound that induces fluid flow across the peritoneum. In rats, L-carnitine in the peritoneal cavity had a dose-dependent osmotic effect similar to glucose. Analogous ultr...

In the last decade, many researches have reached to the conclusion that preservation of residual renal function (RRF) is important after initiating dialysis, as well as in the predialysis period. RRF has been proven to contribue to the quality of life of dialysis patients. Longer preservation of RRF provides a better small and middle molecule removal, improved volemic status and arterial pressu...

BACKGROUND Factors contributing to erythropoietin (EPO) hyporesponsiveness in patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the factors contributing to EPO hyporesponsiveness using the EPO resistance index (ERI). METHODS A total of 14 patients (7 males and 7 females, age 65.0 ± 11.9 years) were selected for this study. We d...

background: accumulation or deficiency of trace elements can occur in hemodialysis patients and it increases risk of cardiovascular or other organs disorders. special ions levels such as sodium and bicarbonate in dialysis fluid are accurately regulated but the remaining elements are not regularly measured. aluminum and lead belong to the biologic performance free heavy metals .they also has a t...

Life-threatening hypercalcemia in dialysis patients is very unusual. We present a case where life-threatening hypercalcemia in a home hemodialysis patient resulted from a technical mistake. A 46-year-old woman, on home nocturnal hemodialysis, presented to the emergency room with history of altered sensorium, vomiting and sweating, which started 1 h after initiation of dialysis the previous nigh...

Peritoneal dialysis is a technique whereby infusion of dialysis solution into the peritoneal cavity is followed by a variable dwell time and subsequent drainage. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a continuous treatment consisting of four to five 2-L dialysis exchanges per day (Fig. 4-1A). Diurnal exchanges last 4 to 6 hours, and the nocturnal exchange remains in the peritoneal...