Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order has sent intellectual shock waves through the international affairs academic and policy communities. According to the editors of Foreign Affairs, the article that Huntington (1993a) wrote in 1993 generated more discussion in three years than any other article they had published since the 1940s. And deservedly so: of ...

There have been many working spoken dialogue systems, but very few of them are able to handle concurrent topics consistently if the user freely surfs among different topics at any time, because it is really difficult to resolve semantic ambiguities and check the knowledge consistencies among correlated topics. The issues include not only how to handle the information across multiple topics and ...

The term “plea bargaining”has become a label often used to describe a series of disparate mechanisms to investigate,prosecute,and adjudicate criminal liability. For some,plea bargaining is the indispensable tool to address criminal conduct,while for others it has become a symbol of coercion and injustice. The purpose of this Article will be to distinguish the very different mechanisms that are ...

Different attempts have been made to answer Reich's question why the majority of those who are hungry don't steal and why the majority of those who are exploited don't strike. The two most influential approaches have been the ideological one and the gunman theory. The gunman theory seems to have the upper hand in that it not only explains many cases of successful oppression by a minority of a m...

Recent developments in cosmology indicate that every history having a nonzero probability is realized in infinitely many distinct regions of spacetime. Thus, it appears that the universe contains infinitely many civilizations exactly like our own, as well as infinitely many civilizations that differ from our own in any way permitted by physical laws. We explore the implications of this conclusi...

this paper is an attempt to criticize “universalism” and “rationality” that is engraved in the epistemological foundations of the social sciences in the modernity era. this attempt will help to reconstruct these foundations provide a better understanding of the processes of reasoning and production of knowledge by generations and gender. the concept of rationality with a universalistic approach...

Our understandings of civilizations on Earth inevitably influence speculation about extraterrestrial civilizations. Specifically, our assumptions about the development of Earth’s societies continually shape our conjectures about alien societies, on topics including the probability of their existence, their possible characteristics, appropriate search strategies, and the wisdom of seeking contac...

China is a country that is arousing a large amount of interest as a new mega-market, as it opens itself to a market-orientated economy and expands at a remarkable rate. However, the influx of international investment, new business opportunities and advertising from overseas has seen Chinese consumers being exposed to potentially offensive advertising products and images. While some products and...

The status and the treatment of detainees in the ‘war on terror’ is one of the major contentious topics in current transatlantic relations. This article aims to explain the reasons for transatlantic disunity on this issue as well as to assess its impact on the stability and the persistence of the transatlantic security community. I argue that divergent strategic cultures are the main source of ...