Listeria rhombencephalitis should be considered in patients with prodromal symptoms and asymmetric cranial nerve, long-tract, or cerebellar signs, even the initial absence of fever meningismus.

background since iran is one of the malaria endemic areas, diagnosis of this disease is important. although the microscopic study of stained peripheral blood smears is as a gold standard of malaria diagnosis, this method requires a microscope, the equipment, and trained people. because of some problems associated with microscopic method in some situations, rapid diagnostic test (rdts) can be a ...

the fna (fine needle aspiration) procedure is simple, inexpensive, available and a safe method for the diagnosis of a neck mass. fna has numerous advantages over open surgical biopsies as an initial diagnostic tool; therefore we decided to compare the accuracy of this method with open biopsy. this retrospective as well as descriptive study comparing preoperative fna results with existing data i...

1. the most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. it seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. the second most important challenge is ...

the parasitoid wasps of the genera leiophron nees and euphorus nees were studied in northern iran (guilan, mazandaran and alborz provinces). the specimens were collected using malaise traps from different habitats during 2010-2011. four species of both genera were collected and identified, of which three species, euphorus pallidistigma (curtis), e. similis (curtis) and leiophron fascipennis (ru...

echocardiography plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of patients with an intracardiac mass. the ability to distinguish tissue characteristics, location, attachment, shape, size, and mobility non-invasively, quickly, and without the use of ionizing radiation makes echocardiography the ideal diagnostic modality. with careful attention to mass location and morphology, and appropriate applic...

bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. recently, numerous studies demonstrated that micrornas are emerging as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. specific mirna profiles have been identified for several samples from patients with bladder cancer. micrornas are noncoding rna molecules of approximately 23 nucleotides that play important roles...