We extend previous work on di erence identi cation and reduction as a technique for automated reasoning. We generalize uni cation so that terms are made equal not only by nding substitutions for variables but also by hiding term structure. This annotation of structural di erences serves to direct rippling, a kind of rewriting designed to remove structural di erences in a controlled way. On the ...

This paper presents nite-di erence solution and analytical solution of the nite-di erence approximations based on the standard explicit method to the one-dimensional Burgers equation which arises frequently in the mathematical modelling used to solve problems in uid dynamics. Results obtained by these ways for some modest values of viscosity have been compared with the exact (Fourier) one. It i...

There are two distinct approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems, namely, searching in value function space and searching in policy space. Temporal di erence methods and evolutionary algorithms are well-known examples of these approaches. Kaelbling, Littman and Moore recently provided an informative survey of temporal di erence methods. This article focuses on the application of evo...

Using a simple nal-state rescattering model coupled with a simple Coulomb model, the e ects of the central Coulomb potential on pion interferometry measurements in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb+Pb collisions are explored. Although the central Coulomb potential does not introduce correlations between pions, it does prevent an accurate measurement of the momentum di erence. This momentum di erence smearing ...

We introduce a new method to obtain pointwise error estimates for vanishing viscosity and nite di erence approximations of scalar conservation laws with piecewise smooth solutions. This method can deal with nitely many shocks with possible collisions. The key ingredient in our approach is an interpolation inequality between the L and Lip-bounds, which enables us to convert a global result into ...

In the present paper, using novel generalizations of the Hukuhara di¤erence for fuzzy sets, we introduce and study new generalized di¤erentiability concepts for fuzzy valued functions. Several properties of the new concepts are investigated and they are compared to similar fuzzy di¤erentiabilities …nding connections between them. Characterization and relatively simple expressions are provided f...

This is the rst systematic experimental study of the comparative performance of two incentive compatible mechanisms for public goods provision: the Basic Quadratic mechanism by Groves and Ledyard and the Paired-Di erence mechanism by Walker. Our experiments demonstrate that the performance of the Basic Quadratic mechanism under a high punishment parameter is far better than the same mechanism u...

Taking line tting to points in two dimensions as a typical example, we point out the inherent di erence between statistical inference and geometric tting. We describe their duality in the sense that the asymptotic properties of statistical inference in the limit of an in nite number of observations hold for geometric tting in the limit of in nitesimal perturbations. We contrast stochastic model...

We establish the connections between finite projective planes admitting a collineation group of Lenz–Barlotti type I.3 or I.4, partially transitive planes of type (3) in the sense of Hughes, and planes admitting a quasiregular collineation group of type (g) in the Dembowski– Piper classification; our main tool is an equivalent description by a certain type of di¤erence set relative to disjoint ...

We consider a divergence-free non-dissipative fourth-order explicit staggered nite di erence scheme for the hyperbolic Maxwell's equations. Special one-sided di erence operators are derived in order to implement the scheme near metal boundaries and dielectric interfaces. Numerical results show the scheme is long-time stable, and is fourth-order convergent over complex domains that include diele...