Hodges & Sargent (2001) developed a measure of a hierarchical model's complexity, degrees of freedom (DF), that is consistent with definitions for scatterplot smoothers, interpretable in terms of simple models, and that enables control of a fit's complexity by means of a prior distribution on complexity. DF describes complexity of the whole fitted model but in general it is unclear how to alloc...

Although it has been known since 1917 that mottled dental enamel (later recognized as dental fluorosis—DF) is identical with that observed in thyroid dysfunction, disturbances of thyroid hormone metabolism during crucial periods of tooth development as the primary cause of DF have received very little consideration by dental researchers. New findings indicate that thyroid hormone metabolism is ...

In this work, we explore the introduction of distributed space-time codes in decode-and-forward (DF) protocols. A first protocol named the Asymmetric DF is presented. It is based on two phases of different lengths, defined so that signals can be fully decoded at relays. This strategy brings full diversity but the symbol rate is not optimal. To solve this problem a second protocol named the Inco...

BACKGROUND Fungal exposure is associated with particularly severe asthma. Nevertheless, the effects of anti-fungal treatments on fungus-exacerbated asthma need to be determined. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to compare the effects of itraconazole (ITCZ) and dexamethasone (Dex) on Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-exacerbated preexisting Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) allergen-sensitized allergic...

BACKGROUND Sequentially mapped complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) and dominant frequency (DF) sites have been targeted during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, these strategies have yielded variable success and have not been shown to correlate consistently with AF dynamics. Here, we evaluated whether the spatiotemporal stability of CFAE and DF may be a better...

Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 (RW1) is one of the few strains that can grow on dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD). We conducted a transcriptomic study of RW1 using RNA-Seq to outline transcriptional responses to DD, dibenzofuran (DF), and the smectite clay mineral saponite with succinate as carbon source. The ability to grow on DD is rare compared to growth on the chemically similar DF even though the s...

Dermatofibroma (DF) is histologically characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts in the dermis. Multiple DFs occasionally develop in patients with autoimmune disorders under immunosuppressive therapy; however, the pathogenesis of DF is still unclear. To elucidate immunological involvement in the mechanism of the fibrosis in DF, we studied the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1), which has a number ...

K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer cells display intensive macropinocytosis, indicating that this process may be exploited in the design of anticancer targeted therapies. In this study, we constructed a macropinocytosis-oriented recombinantly tailored defensin (DF-HSA) which consists of human β-defensin-2 (DF) and human serum albumin (HSA). The macropinocytosis intensity and cytotoxicity of DF-HSA ...

An improved version of DF , the depth first implementation of Apriori as devised in [7], is presented. Given a database of (e.g., supermarket) transactions, the DF algorithm builds a so-called trie that contains all frequent itemsets, i.e., all itemsets that are contained in at least minsup transactions with minsup a given threshold value. In the trie, there is a one-to-one correspondence betwe...

The function Df , called the Bregman distance associated with f , is always well defined because ∂f(x) is nonempty and bounded, for all x ∈ X (see, e.g., [22]), so that the infimum in (1.1) cannot be −∞. It is easy to check that Df (x, y) ≥ 0 and that Df (x, x) = 0, for all x, y ∈ X. If f is strictly convex then Df (x, y) = 0 only when x = y. For t ∈ [0,∞) and z ∈ X let U(z, t) = {x ∈ X : ‖x− z...