Earthquakes far from tectonic plate boundaries generally exploit ancient faults, but not all intraplate faults are equally active. The North American Great Plains exemplify such intraplate earthquake localization, with both natural and induced seismicity generally clustered in discrete zones. Here we use seismic velocity, gravity and topography to generate a 3D lithospheric density model of the...

Taiwan is a young orogenic belt with complex spatial distributions of deformation and earthquakes. We have constructed a three-dimensional finite element model to explore how the interplays between lithospheric structure and plate boundary processes control the distribution of stress and strain rates in the Taiwan region. The model assumes a liberalized power-law rheology and incorporates main ...

A macroscopic model describing elastic-plastic solids is derived in a special case of the internal specific energy taken in separable form: it is the sum of a hydrodynamic part depending only on the density and entropy, and a shear part depending on other invariants of the Finger tensor. In particular, the relaxation terms are constructed compatible with the von Mises yield criteria. In additio...

For two simple setups it is discussed, how dissipative grain-grain interactions give rise to unexpected properties on large scales. In the rst example, a spherical particle rolling along a rough surface experiences an eeective viscous friction on large time scales. It is due to temporal correlations among collisions with incomplete normal restitution. The second example is a sheared granular pa...

We derive, using the entropy maximum principle, an expression for the distribution function of carriers as a function of a set of macroscopic quantities ~density, velocity, energy, deviatoric stress, heat flux!. Given the distribution function, we can obtain a hydrodynamic model in which all the constitutive functions ~fluxes and collisional productions! are explicitly computed starting from th...

To determine the role of surface tension-driven melt migration in planetary bodies, we investigated the effect of static annealing on the evolution of melt-rich bands in partially molten samples. In shear deformation experiments, deviatoric stress causes melt to segregate; when the stress is removed, surface tension causes the melt to relax back to a homogeneous distribution. Samples composed o...

The residual-based variational multiscale formulation is applied to develop a large eddy simulation (LES) model for compressible flows. In addition, a mixed model, in which a deviatoric Smagorinsky subgrid stress term is added to the RBVM terms to better model the Reynolds stresses is proposed. These models, along with the dynamic Smagorinsky-Yoshizawa-eddy diffusivity model are tested in predi...