Information on plant roots is increasingly needed for understanding and managing plants under various environmental conditions, including climate change. Several methods have been developed to study fine roots but they are either destructive or cumbersome, or may not be suitable for studies of fine root functionality. Electrical impedance, resistance, and capacitance have been proposed as possi...

stress and residual stress are the main problems in the operating performance of materials. they are the principal causes of material failure and can affect life time of component. however measurement or predictions of them are typically difficult. two common non-destructive methods, x-ray diffraction and ultrasound are not reliable methods for subsurface residual stress measurements and destru...

Image-guided ablations are nowadays applied in the treatment of a wide group of diseases and in different organs and regions, and every day interventional radiologists have to face more difficult and unusual cases of tumour ablation. In the present case review, we report four difficult and unusual cases, reporting some tips and tricks for a successful image-guided treatment.

The TA-XT21 texture analyzer (TA) was used to evaluate vitelline membrane strength (VMS). Fresh and aged (1 wk at 25 C) eggs (n = 48 eggs x 2 replications) were evaluated. Fresh and aged eggs were further divided into two groups of yolk only or whole egg (with intact albumen). Yolk index, Haugh units, pH, broken-out egg weights, VMS, yolk viscosity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images...

The Eddy current technique has been successfully used in a variety of non-destructive evaluation applications including detection of cracks, measurements of material thickness, examining metal thinning, measurements of coating thickness, identification of materials, and detection of corrosion. This paper shows how positional and eddy-current data are combined to produce a C-scan of flaws in con...