this paper identifies characteristics of business cycles in iran, applying hodrick-prescott (hp) and band-pass (bp) filters. using seasonal and anual data for 1970-2003, it is found that oil income is the key driving factor of business cycles in the iranian economy. furthermore, it is indicated that iran's economy has experienced seven business cycles during this period, in which the econo...

Until recently, many so-called neglected and underutilized species (NUS) were not present in global markets despite playing a pivotal role the local livelihoods their places of origin. Today, some NUS receive substantial interest face growing demands. Sudden increases consumer demand trigger prices to rise; land-use change at farm national levels results rapid production increase. This phenomen...

The energy boom of the last decade has led to rapidly increasing wealth in the Middle East, particularly in the oil and gas-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This exceptional growth in prosperity has brought with it rapid changes in lifestyles that have resulted in a significant rise in chronic disease. In particular the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased dramat...