Objective: To compare the effect of flap fixation and non-flap for preventing seroma formation depending upon stage surgery in patients undergoing mastectomy at RMU Allied Hospitals following our local population. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Surgical Units Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto DHQ Hospital (RMU & Hospital). Period: October 2020 to April 2021. Material...

STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. BACKGROUND Bilateral pedicle screw fixation (PS) after lumbar interbody fusion is a widely accepted method of managing various spinal diseases. Recently, unilateral PS fixation has been reported as effective as bilateral PS fixation. This meta-analysis aimed to comparatively assess the efficacy and safety of unilateral PS fixation and bilateral PS fixation in the m...

Bone ingrowth in porous surfaces of human joint implants is a desired condition for long-term fixation in patients who are physically active (such as in sport or work). It is generally recognized that little actual bone ingrowth occurs. The best clinical results report between 10 and 20% of the total prosthetic surface in contact with bone will feature good bone ingrowth. One inhibiting factor ...

One of the most influential descriptions design activity emphasizes how problems and solutions “co-evolve.” This concept has somehow escaped critical review cross-disciplinary comparison, resulting in a fragmented approach to subject. Reviewing published literature on co-evolution reveals that term is used refer range distinct concepts, study generated number elaborations alternatives. broader ...

BACKGROUND Proximal cementless fixation using anatomic stems reportedly increases femoral fit and avoids stress-shielding. However, thigh pain was reported with the early stem designs. Therefore, a new anatomic cementless stem design was based on an average three-dimensional metaphyseal femoral shape. However, it is unclear whether this stem reduces the incidence of thigh pain. QUESTIONS/PURP...

This paper examines the effects of the use of CAD tools on the development of students’ creativity in the context of design education. The basis for the analysis are the results from an industry study that identified four ways in which the use of electronic design tools impacts on the creative design process in practice. The mechanisms are described as enhanced visualisation, circumscribed thin...

OBJECTIVES When open reduction and internal fixation is indicated for the management of mandibular fractures, it is generally agreed that nonrigid fixation and rigid fixation represent acceptable treatment alternative. Opinions vary, however, regarding the cost-effectiveness of the two alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs of these treatments of mandibular fractures th...