Anhydrite (CaSO4) is a major component of evaporitic rocks and is currently forming in submarine hydrothermal fields, where its dissolution and precipitation plays a significant role in controlling porosity. Anhydrite also is a component of undesirable scale on heat transfer surfaces during desalinization and waste water treatments. Knowledge of the molecular processes that control anhydrite gr...

Saline groundwater is a valuable unconventional water resource in silty coastal zone, which contain complex and fragile sedimentary hydrological environments that are widely distributed vulnerable to human activities. Coastal salinization along the eastern coast of China since late Pleistocene thought be response global environmental change. Previous studies have shown spatial temporal link bet...

Abstract The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in world, is a vital resource for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sea provides 90% Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% country’s GDP. All these activities, those elsewhere region, critically depend on oceanic atmospheric co...

Abstract. The carbonate chemistry of sea ice is known to play a role in global carbon cycles, but its importance uncertain part due disparities reported results. Variability physical and biological drivers usually invoked explain differences between studies. In the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, “invisible polynyas” – areas strong currents, thin ice, potentially high productivity are examples ext...

ion. Such abstraction has played an important role in Yemen's modern socioeconomic development, but is unsustainable and now threatens the country's very existence. I develop the argument in three sections. First, I argue that prior to the advent of large-scale groundwater abstraction, Yemen had over several centuries developed a set of indigenous technologies, political and social arrangements...

In 1960, Oswald and Golueke [1] presented a conceptual techno-economic analysis, "The Biological Transformation of Solar Energy", proposing the use of large-scale raceway ponds to cultivate microalgal on wastewater nutrients and then to anaerobically ferment the algal biomass to methane fuel. The methane was to be converted into electricity, with the CO2-containing flue gas recycled to the pond...

Bioremediation is now the best successful initiative to mitigate and to recover sites contaminated with hydrocarbons and has been the preferred process for clean-up contamination around the oceans of the world. The advantages of marine microorganisms in the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, exemplifies the eco-sustainable bioremediation that can be achieved in sensitive marine environments and...

In the last decades, contemporary urbanism in global South has meant large urban transformations, tall architecture landmarks, and fierce city competition. However, cities their planners are now confronting an ethical dilemma: how to grow compete while caring for disastrous impacts on Earth human health caused by mass extraction, processing, consumption of resources linked urbanization. our art...