Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermal complication, a sequel to kala-azar. Diagnosis of PKDL presents a challenge due to the low parasite burden in the lesions. The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on promastigote and amastigote antigens of Leishmania donovani of indigenous isolates was developed to diagnose PKDL, and the results were compared with those of the rk39 strip ...

Background The aim of present study was to evaluate antileishmanial effects of Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) and Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) medicinal plants essential oils and nano-emulsions on Leishmania major (L. major). Methods The present study was performed in Leishmaniasis Reference Lab at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2016-2017. The IC50...

Epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (the etiologic agent of Chagas disease) internalize and store extracellular macromolecules in lysosome-related organelles (LROs) called reservosomes, which are positive for the cysteine protease cruzipain. Despite the importance of endocytosis for cell proliferation, macromolecule internalization remains poorly understood in the most clinically relevant p...

The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a natural reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi but has seldom been used as an experimental infection model. We developed a guinea pig infection model for acute and chronic Chagas disease. Seventy-two guinea pigs were inoculated intradermally with 10(4) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi strain Y (experimental group); 18 guinea pigs were used as control group. Eight anima...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The severe toxicity, exorbitant cost and emerging resistance of Leishmania species against most of the currently used drugs underscores the urgent need for the alternative drugs. The present study evaluates in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Plumeria bicolor and its isolated compounds. METHODS The in vitro anti-parasitic activity of chloroform extract of Plumeria bi...

background: molecular diversity of leishmania major and its morphological changes have become a controversial issue among researchers. some aspects of polymorphic shapes of amastigotes in clinical manifestations along with molecular variation were evaluated among suspected patients of some exceptional zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis locations in northern khuzestan, southwestern iran. methods: ...

background: although pentavalent antimony compounds are used as antileish-manial drugs but they are associated with limitations and several adverse complica-tions. therefore, always effort to find a new and effective treatment is desired. in this study, the effect of zno nanoparticles with mean particle size of 20 nanome-ters (nm) on leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes was evaluated....

The authors began the study of cytokines or the so-called plasma activators of the acute inflammatory reaction in infections in September 1997. As far back as with the origina report describing the Chagas’ Disease (CD), Carlos Chagas (1911)3,4 , Gaspar Vianna (1911)15 and Okumura (1967)11 interpreted the etiopathogenesis of the Chagas’ Disease as follows. The first event is the invasion of the ...

recent scientific evidence indicates that distinct patterns of susceptibility in balb/c mice to leishmania major infection are attributable to the differential expansion of distinct cd4+ t-cell subsets and their cytokines production. production of the th1 cytokine ifn-g is associated with resistance, whereas production of the th2 cytokines il-4 and il-10 are associated with extreme susceptibili...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to the prolonged duration of therapy, adverse effect and resistance to current drugs in the treatment of CL, the discovery of novel, efficient, and safe leishmanicidal drugs is required. The aims of the present study was to synthesis of new compounds based on the active compounds of 5-(...