A 21-year longitudinal study investigated whether self-esteem in early and late adolescence, at ages 12 and 18, and any changes in it is related to dispositional optimism–pessimism in adulthood, at the age of 33. The subjects comprised a population-based sample of young Finns. The results showed that the selfesteem measured during adolescent years is significantly associated with dispositional ...

BACKGROUND Major depression can be difficult to diagnose in medically ill patients, as distinct mood states may not be adequately differentiated. Previous research has found several dimensions of mood states, including demoralization (hopelessness/helplessness) and anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure). DSM-IV major depression was highly prevalent in the clusters of participants typified...

the attitude of 13% of two rural districts population in the north of tehran towards mental illness was examined through a questionnaire devised for this study findings indicate that the variables of education and socio – economic class were inversely correlated with an attitude of pessimism toward mental patients. furthermore, the variable of age was positively correlated with pessimism. on th...

Data from 120 elderly osteoarthritis patients showed that dispositional optimism and pessimism interacted in their associations with the frequency of use of pain-coping strategies: participants higher on both dispositions reported more intense coping. Controlling for age, pain level, history of prior serious disease, or negative and positive affectivity did not affect the results. Possible expl...

This article builds on scholarship that understands climate change not only as a geophysical phenomenon, but also complex idea. It argues for historicised analysis of what it terms “climate pessimism”: the belief catastrophic global heating cannot be prevented. Focusing especially nonfictional texts by Jonathan Franzen and Roy Scranton, suggests pessimism draws Western intellectual tradition ta...