“critical thinking” is a way of thinking and also is a title for an area ofknowledge stemmed from dewey in the philosophy of education. inthis article, after analyzing and criticizing some of the most notabledefinitions of critical thinking, we will show that most thinkersbelieve that critical thinking, as a general area of knowledge, ispossible. finally, arguing for the plausibility of the app...

In AI approaches to argumentation, different senses of argument are often conflated. We propose a three-level distinction between arguments, cases, and debates. This allows for modularising issues within levels and identifying systematic relations between levels. Arguments, comprised of rules, facts, and a claim, are the basic units; they instantiate argument schemes; they have no sub-arguments...

We report on an investigation of the effects of hardware performance, application design, and cognitive demands on user productivity and perceptions. This investigation focuses on clerical tasks typical of those activities that many lower level organization workers encounter. This was accomplished by engaging one hundred seventy-five representative participants in a field-based experiment. Part...

since the verses of the qur’ān have been revealed for the guidance of human beings and their eternal happiness, the holy qur’ān makes every endeavor to illustrate human destiny on the resurrection day. the behavioral reaction of the deniers of the truth and the people of falsity when witnessing the resurrection scenes after the appearance of truth is one of the thought-provoking issues in the q...

Corresponding Author: Parminder Singh Bawa National Advanced IPv6 Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Email: [email protected] Abstract: Many organizations and service providers have started shifting from traditional server-cluster infrastructure to cloud-based infrastructure. The threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack continues to wreak havoc in these cloud i...

Client puzzles are commonly proposed as a solution to denial-of-service attacks. However, very few implementations of the idea actually exist, and there are a number of subtle details in the implementation. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a simple and backwards compatible client puzzle extension to TLS. We also present measurements of CPU load and latency when our modified libr...