Global freshwater resources are under increasing pressure from economic development, population growth, and climate change. The international trade of water-intensive products (e.g., agricultural commodities) or virtual water trade has been suggested as a way to save water globally. We focus on the virtual water trade network associated with international food trade built with annual trade data...

The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, 29 January, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, 15–26 May, 2000 will exert a profound effect on international trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products. In this paper, the potential effects of various articles of the Protocol on international trade in GMOs are analyzed. Based on the present status of impor...

as the world trade is growing, exchange rate acts as a bridge between different economies and its volatility can affect price level, output, exports and imports. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of real exchange rate volatility on the export demand for the two products of apple and potato in the nine developing counteries of producing and exporting the two products during...

Energy imports and the transition to renewable energy sources are of critical importance in current geopolitical context, which necessitates concrete actions tackle crisis at European Union level. This study aimed explore impact imported non-renewable resources on EU-27 economy. It examined correlations causal relationships between GDP, GVA, R&D investments, from 2000 2021. Data normality w...

A major characteristic of dynamic regions or sets of dynamic regions is that external exports and imports are very significant in comparison with internally generated flows. Yet, it is precisely these flows of external exports and imports that are not evaluated in conventional regional input-output (I-O) analysis. The conventional approach merely determines internal flows of intermediate inputs...

Description The Market Surveillance Panel (MSP), in all of its periodic reports, noted that the one-hour ahead pre-dispatch demand is persistently higher than the real-time peak demand. In its latest report, the MSP has further noted that this upward bias in demand forecasting is most prevalent in certain key hours, namely hours 23 and 24. The MSP has identified this persistent over-forecast of...

Mexico depends on maize imports to satisfy its national demand. The use of native varieties among subsistence farmers can help reduce the cereal’s imports. However, agricultural policy in improve productivity per hectare has centered improved varieties; them, transgenic variety. In this study, from 1983 2018 was analyzed determine influence policies sector, and factors that condition adoption m...

In this paper we report evidence on the relationship between trade openness, technology adoption and relative demand for skilled labour in the Turkish manufacturing sector, using firm level data over the period 1980-2001. We first depict the simultaneous increasing trends in international openness and in demand for skills and we show that the shift of the relative demand for labour was mainly d...

China's water resources are under increasing pressure from socioeconomic development, diet shifts, and climate change. Agriculture still concentrates most of the national water withdrawal. Moreover, a spatial mismatch in water and arable land availability--with abundant agricultural land and little water resources in the north--increases water scarcity and results in virtual water transfers fro...

The Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the Nigerian diet. Past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing go...