OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the long-term effect of mode of delivery on the prevalence and severity of pelvic pain. STUDY DESIGN Six to eleven years after a first delivery, pelvic pain (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain not related to menses or intercourse) was measured using the Oxfordshire Women's Health Study Questionnaire. Obstetrical exposures were assessed by review of the...

The Cesarean section rate has been steadily rising in United States from 4.5% in 1965 [1] to nearly 33% [2] in 2010. In developing countries, such as China and Brazil, this number accounts for 40% and 45% [3], respectively. The high prevalence of the condition compared to the number of women in need of c-section (5 to 10%) suggests that the difference of approximately 30% is only a socio-econom...

BACKGROUND The increased pain at the latent phase can be associated with dysfunctional labor as well as increases in cesarean delivery frequency. We aimed to research the effect of the degree of pain at the time of epidural analgesia on the entire labor process including the mode of delivery. METHODS We performed epidural analgesia to 102 nulliparous women on patients' request. We divided the...

BACKGROUND It has been recognized that preterm labor is related to short cervical length and that poor progress in labor is a major indication for cesarean section at term. We therefore hypothesize that long cervix is not associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery during labor at term. OBJECTIVES The objective is to determine the relationship between cervical length at mid-pregnancy ...

OBJECTIVE To differentiate the effect of gestation on the mode of delivery by analysing the difference in the mode of induction, length of labour and the difference in parity or Bishop score and their effect on the mode of delivery of postdates women. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY PAEC General Hospital, Islamabad, from July 2006 to July 2008...

Tertiary students are increasingly seeking ways to maximize their study time and reduce the time spent in gaining qualifications. At the Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay (EIT) a new third year degree paper based on industry specific content was delivered using a two week block mode format over the Christmas vacation. This paper builds on an earlier paper relating to the establishmen...