conclusions the results suggested that pa skills in children with phonological disorders are affected by error type. we also found the type of errors that can play a more effective role in pa investigations as compared to pcc. the results also showed that children with cap require special attention. results the cap group showed significant difference with the nd group in alliteration (p = 0.001...

Background and aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious diseases among many species of birds and causes devastating effects on the poultry industry. This disease is endemic in Iran and ND outbreaks occur unexpectedly and with high mortality and severe clinical signs. The sequence of the F protein cleavage site is that the major virulence determinant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV...

introduction dentine hypersensitivity is a common clinical problem in dental practices. so several methods such as, nd: yag laser have been used to treat this problem. previous studies reported that nd:yag laser irradiation on root surface makes some thermal changes, like dentine melting and some other side effects which are related to power of laser irradiation. the aim of our study was to com...

Late-summer starch accumulation in fine roots of poplars (Populus x canadensis Moench.) defoliated by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) lagged behind that in fine roots of undefoliated trees. If starch concentration declines with age, defoliation-induced changes in root system age structure could be partly responsible for this difference. To test this hypothesis, we measured fine-root starch and...

Understanding the ability of koalas to respond to changes in their environment is critical for conservation of the species and their habitat. We monitored the behavioural response of koalas to declining food resources in manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis) woodland at Cape Otway, Victoria, Australia, from September 2011 to November 2013. Over this period, koala population density increased from 10...

In the present study, 360 male day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effect of mixed livevaccines of Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) on serum and local antibody responses toIB. Chicks were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups of 3 replicates and reared for 40 days on floorpens. Groups 1 to 5 received mixed ND and IB vaccine. Groups 7 to 11 received IB vacc...

Climate extremes such as cold spells are becoming more frequent climate variability increases. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of winter on forest cover, tree growth and leaf sapwood non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. We analyzed changes in cover using remote sensing data compared radial coexisting defoliated Pinus halepensis trees non-defoliated P. pinaster trees...

Although Polychronopolis and Lownsbery (1) found that Heterodera schachtii invaded the radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of seedling sugarbeet, they observed no histological or cytological changes other than cellular death and disorganization. Ross (2) reported development of females and brown cysts accompanied by formation of giant cells and hypertrophy in leaves of white clover inoculated wi...

Defoliation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) results in a cyclic pattern of starch degradation followed by reaccumulation in taproots. Characterization of changes in anatomical distribution of starch grains in taproots will aid our understanding of biochemical and physiological mechanisms involved in starch metabolism in taproots of this species. Our objectives were to determine the influence of...