Strut-and-tie is a system of forces' distribution in the form of "load-path" connectivity from the applied load point to the support point. Strut-and-Tie Method (STM) has been developed based on simple truss model. STM models represent the load carrying mechanism of a structural member by approximating the flow of internal forces by means of struts representing the flow of compressive stresses ...

background: high-velocity carbon ion beams represent the most advanced tool for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors. currently, the superiority of carbon ion therapy is more prominent on lung cancer or hepatomas. materials and methods: the data for lateral straggling and projected range of monoenergetic 290 mev/u (3.48 gev) carbon ions in muscle tissue were obtained from the stopping and range o...

Since the first detection of the neutrino at reactors [1] and the discovery of the νμ at the Brookhaven AGS [2], accelerators and reactors have been used to provide intense beams of neutrinos. Over the last 30 years, experiments with neutrino beams have played a major role in shaping the Standard Model of particle physics as it is known today. At present, electroweak theory is more conveniently...

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage depth dose (PDD) of PAGAT normoxic polymer gel dosimeter by electron beams using MRI technique for a standard clinically used Co-60 therapy unit and an electa linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: Using MRI, the formulation to give the maximum change in the transverse relaxation rate R2(1/T2) was determined to be 4.5% N,...

This parametric study used finite element method (ETABS 2019), on 20 elliptical reinforced concrete cantilever deep beam specimens that have rectangular sections. Five parameters were taken into consideration: height, width, compressive strength, load position and type. Results showed when the height was increased by 12%–66.5%, negative torsional moments capacity about 11.23%–76.33%, 11.2%–77% ...