Abstract This paper analyses the political agenda behind decriminalization of abortion in Portugal, its genealogy, agents, critical aspects and results. It highlights role women’s movements, National Agency for Equality, parties. Analyzing 2015 backlash it risks to a feminist women rights brought by shifts right-wing forces. These seem be particularly severe context financial societal crises, u...

Introduction In light of North America's persisting drug toxicity crisis, alternative policy approaches such as decriminalization, legalization, regulation, and safer supply have increasingly come to the forefront discourse. The views people who use drugs toward law reform in Canadian context are essential, yet largely missing from conversation. aim this study was capture opinions, ideas, attit...

Prior to the creation of the first juvenile court, most children who committed crimes in the colonial United States were prosecuted as adults in the tradition of English law. Common law of that period held that children under the age of 7 were presumed incapable of committing a crime (the defense of “infancy”). Children between the ages of 7 and 14 were presumed responsible for their acts, but ...

During the twentieth century, the United States has experienced an enormous amount of social policy in the area of substance abuse. Although some would argue that both ideologies and policies have fluctuated significantly over time (e.g., from the punitive law enforcement policies during World War II to the more public health approach of the Kennedy administration), the more punitive approach h...

In 1965, 71% of legal abortions in the United States were performed using the surgical procedure of dilation and curettage. By 1972, a mere seven years later, approximately the same percentage (72.6%) of legal abortions in the United States were performed using a completely new abortion technology: the electrical vacuum aspirator. This article examines why, in less than a decade, electric vacuu...

User sanctions influence the legal risk for consumers who engage in illegal drug markets. If a reduction in user sanctions leads to an increase in consumption, drug prices will rise unless supply is perfectly elastic. In equilibrium, a change in consumption associated with decreasing user sanctions could be relatively small if supply is upward sloping. Using a novel dataset with rich transactio...