This report focuses on the diverse and multiple manifestations of political, state, counter-state violence. Many examinations political violence in this highlight continued need for disparate methodological analytic lenses towards robust understandings across scales. Displacements mobilities associated with flight from conflict are discussed relation to institutionalization harm, trauma contain...

THE POLITICS OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT In human geography, the interest in the politics of local economic development and the emergence of a literature on the topic date from approximately the early to mid-‘eighties. This was initially an American interest but it was then taken up in Britain. There have been studies in countries other than the United States and the United Kingdom and there ...

Geographical considerations such as contiguity and compactness are necessary elements of political districting in practice. Yet an analysis the problem without constraints yields mathematical insights that can inform real-world model construction. In particular, it clarifies sharp contrast between proportionality competitiveness how might be overcome a properly formulated objective function. It...

1 ABSTRACT Civil war is fought between two political organizations, the state and a rebel group. Myriad theories of civil war have examined the role of state institutions and state strength, but little attention has been devoted to theorizing about rebel organizations themselves. This paper focuses on the organizational structure of rebel groups to understand patterns of recruitment and allegia...

This article  studyies Political Identity of Dagestani people in the North Caucasus. At the first, I have defined a true theory of political identity, which is compatible with Dagestanis. This theory defines political identity in two aspects: grounded aspect, which is geography and history, and the social-environmental aspect, which includes culture (especially religion, costumes and ethnicity)...

When congregations seek to address social needs, they often pursue this goal through acts of service and political engagement. Over the past three decades, a tremendous amount of research has been dedicated to analyzing congregation-based service provision and political participation. However, little is known about how congregations’ involvement in these arenas has changed during this period. T...