With South–South economic cooperation on the rise, there are many opportunities for developing countries to benefit from the experiences of their more successful counterparts in the developing world through enhanced trade and investment links and knowledge transfer. Since 2005, rising international demand for food products, the diversion of some food crops to biofuel production, and excessive s...

Developmental plans of the country emphasize on the exports-focused growth strategy, and export diversification is one of the most appropriate policies in this area. Export diversification moves from primary goods to industrial goods. Yet, export diversification, according to the principles of international trade, must be based on comparative advantage until to change value-added. Changes in th...

This paper tests the influence of regulatory capital guidelines on the link between banks’ loan loss reserve decisions in 2007 and the risk of bank failure during the 2008-2009 economic crisis. Our primary finding is that larger loan loss reserve increases in 2007 are associated with an increased risk of bank failure in 2008-2009, but only for banks that are allowed to add back loan loss reserv...

Indonesia has been afflicted by an economic crisis since July 1997. The economic crisis was preceded by a long drought associated with El Nino. The result has been a decline in food production, especially rice. In the eastern part of the country, especially in Irian Jaya, there was food insecurity during the early stages of the economic crisis. When the crisis escalated to become an economic, s...

in recent years, multifunctional agriculture as a new paradigm of agriculture and rural development was introduced to the world. multifunctional indicates that the inclusion of agricultural production functions (food, fiber) and unproductive functions (field of employment and income, strengthening social capital, conservation of biodiversity and genetic enhancement of rural industries, represen...

In recent years, Nigeria witnessed significant labour migration coupled with reduction in rural agricultural productivity. Youths abandoned farms for ventures with high returns and less drudgery in cities thus labour availability in peak agricultural seasons became scarce. The declining farm population constituting mostly women and old men are not capable of producing sufficient food for the no...