BACKGROUND Recent reports have suggested that a traditional transtibial technique cannot practically accomplish an anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS The degree to which a transtibial technique can anatomically position both tibial and femoral tunnels is highly dependent on tibial tunnel starting position. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHOD...

INTRODUCTION China's largest cities like Beijing and Shanghai have seen a sharp increase in subway network development as a result of the rapid urbanization in the last decade. The cities are still expanding their subway networks now, and many shield tunnels are being or will be constructed in close proximity to the existing operational subway tunnels. The execution plans for the new nearby shi...

BACKGROUND Lateral clavicle fractures have been reported after coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstructions with bone tunnels through the clavicle. PURPOSE To biomechanically compare clavicle strength following 2 common CC reconstruction techniques with different bone tunnel diameters. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Testing was performed on 2 groups of matched-pair ca...

We present a new theory which describes the collection of all tunnels of tunnel number 1 knots in S (up to orientation-preserving equivalence in the sense of Heegaard splittings) using the disk complex of the genus-2 handlebody and associated structures. It shows that each knot tunnel is obtained from the tunnel of the trivial knot by a uniquely determined sequence of simple cabling constructio...

The X-ray crystal structure of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli has unveiled the existence of two molecular tunnels within the heterodimeric enzyme. These two interdomain tunnels connect the three distinct active sites within this remarkably complex protein and apparently function as conduits for the transport of unstable reaction intermediates between successive activ...

The optimization design of the section morphology of large-span tunnels plays an important role for saving cost and improving the engineering stability. The flat ratio of tunnel which is as an important control index, its rationality is the key problem in the design of tunnels. Program with Python to set up the dynamic calculation model of a large-span tunnel planned to be constructed which can...

Plant growth and biomass assessments are required in production and research. Such assessments are followed by major decisions (e.g., harvest timing) that channel resources and influence outcomes. In research, resources required to assess crop status affect other aspects of experimentation and, therefore, discovery. Destructive harvests are important because they influence treatment selection, ...

Forecasting the effects of climate change on nitrogen (N) cycling in pastures requires an understanding of changes in tissue N. We examined the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, atmospheric warming and simulated grazing (clipping frequency) on aboveground and belowground tissue N concentrations and C : N ratios of a C3 pasture grass. Phalaris aquatica L. cv. 'Holdfast' was grow...