This paper studies the connection between risk-sharing and organizational form. It models the organizational form decision as a trade-off between the superior capital market access of the stock form and a regulatory or agency advantage held by the mutual form. When capital is expensive, consumers will substitute away from paying investors to supply risk-bearing capital and toward bearing more r...

a Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA b Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA c International Fine Particle Research Institute, Wilmington, DE, USA d Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA e Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA f Departm...

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Current Security Considerations for Issues and Challenges of Trustworthy Semantic Web Akhilesh Dwivedi Department of CSE, Ambedkar Institute of Technology, GGS IP University, New Delhi, India Email: [email protected] Suresh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Ambedkar Institute of Technology, GGS IP University, New Delhi, India Email: [email protected] Abhishek Dwivedi Assista...

background and objective: biodeterioration is an irreversible damage that is caused by colonization of microorganisms on the surface of different materials. among all microorganisms, fungi play an important role in deterioration of materials. fungi can colonize on stone surfaces and by secreting different enzymes, organic and inorganic acids and pigments, can cause bio-weathering and changing n...