Persistence, more recently termed the chlamydial stress response, is a viable but non-infectious state constituting a divergence from the characteristic chlamydial biphasic developmental cycle. Damage/danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are normal intracellular components or metabolites that, when released from cells, signal cellular damage/lysis. Purine metabolite DAMPs, including ext...

one of the inflammatory mediators which is secreted by inflammatory cells is high-mobility group protein b1 (hmgb1). interaction of hmgb1 and toll-like receptors (tlrs) leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines. on the other hand, it was shown that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem-1) also can be activated by tlrs, and its soluble form (strem-1) can be formed by...

In the intestine, a large variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can instigate innate immune responses, which have been shown to promote colorectal carcinogenesis. We have recently demonstrated an important role for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (Rage) in intestinal adenoma formation. Rage is a receptor for D...