This article addresses the effect of ultrasonication as a pretreatment to anaerobic digestion of four types of animal manure, including swine slurry, beef feedlot manure, dairy manure slurry, and separated dairy manure effluent. The effect of ultrasonication on soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) were determined, and the energy efficiency of ultrasonic ...

Dairy cow systems based on grassland utilization are characterized by a variation of harvested forage quality from 1 year to another and a fluctuation of grass availability and quality during the pasture season. Consequently, the energy supplied by the diet – i.e., concentrates plus hay or silage in winter and grazing in summer, may not always match animal requirements. A modelling approach ena...

This experiment was aimed to study the association between the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism and milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. The records of 408 animals from five dairy herds were randomly identified and then genomic DNA was extracted from blood using the modified-salting method described by Miller. RFLP-PCR was performed to obtain all the polym...

ods have used this enzyme to crosslink proteins in the presence of calcium. The enzyme has been used to produce a curd. In our study, three replicate trials with unfortified skim milk and direct set cottage cheese manufacturing were completed. Experimental vats were manufactured using 10 units of transglutaminase enzyme per gram of total protein in the skim added immediately after the glucono d...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the financial impact of Schmallenberg disease for different dairy production types in the United Kingdom and France. MATERIALS AND METHODS Integrated production and financial models for dairy cattle were developed and applied to Schmallenberg virus (SBV) disease in a British and French context. The five main production sy...

in iran, more than 96.4 percent of dairy farms (including more than 68.7 percent of cattle and calf) have a less than 20 heads of animals, and they produce more than two-thirds of milk and most of animal protein. also, large shares of water, land and labor force resources are used by this production section. less scientific studies have been focused on this production system despite it's m...

Commercial artificial insemination (AI) is arguably one of the greatest animal biotechnologies introduced in the 20 century. The benefits of improved genetics and reduced disease transmission have been readily recognized and accepted by the dairy producer, and at present, approximately 70% of the US dairy cattle population are bred by AI. Since the introduction of commercial AI in the early 194...

Heat stress negatively impacts a variety of dairy parameters including milk yield and reproduction and therefore is a significant financial burden (~$900 million/year in the USA; St. Pierre et al., 2003) in many dairy-producing areas of the world. Advances in management (i.e. cooling systems; Armstrong, 1994; VanBaale et al., 2005) and nutritional strategies (West, 2003) have alleviated some of...

In Europe, especially in Mediterranean areas, the sheep has been traditionally exploited as a dual purpose species, with income from both meat and milk. Modernization of husbandry methods and the establishment of breeding schemes focused on milk production have led to the development of "dairy breeds." This study investigated selective sweeps specifically related to dairy production in sheep by...

This experiment was aimed to study the association between the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism and milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. The records of 408 animals from five dairy herds were randomly identified and then genomic DNA was extracted from blood using the modified-salting method described by Miller. RFLP-PCR was performed to obtain all the polym...