abstract tax can be discussed from various aspects and in the meantime, evaluation the tax system performance is very important. this article try to point this out in 2005 and 2008 (the second and final year of the forth development plan) in the iranian economy and in provinces separately. to enable this comparison and homogeneity, iranian provinces are divided into three groups (developed, les...

A two-region model is proposed in this paper. Manufactured goods can be produced with cottage technology under constant returns to scale or with modern technology using differentiated intermediate goods, which are produced with increasing returns to scale technology. In the model, there may be multiple equilibria, and, in such cases, the initial conditions determine the equilibrium that the eco...

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the slide agglutination test with live organisms was studied, based on the O antigen schema adopted by the international expert panel sponsored by the Subcommittee on Pseudomonas and Related Organisms of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. The typing results obtained by the slide test with well-absorbed O sera were iden...

In this paper we specialize the Ngai-Pissarides model of growth and structural change [American Economic Review 97 (2007), 429-443] to the case of three sectors, representing the primary (agriculture, mining), secondary (construction, manufacturing) and tertiary (services) sectors. On that basis we explore the dynamic properties of the model along the transition path to the steady-state equilib...

This paper presents a simple model of the world economy, in which productivity gains in manufacturing are responsible for the global trend of manufacturing decline, and yet, in cross-section of countries, faster productivity gains in manufacturing do not necessarily imply faster declines in manufacturing. In doing so, it aims to draw attention to the common pitfall of using the cross-country ev...

The serological cross-reactivity between lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of S. fidelis KMM3582(T) and rabbit anti-O P. mirabilis antibodies was tested. Using ELISA and Western blot cross-reactivity between S. fidelis LPS and antisera against P. mirabilis O14, O3 LPSs was found. The observed cross-reaction may suggest that anti-P. mirabilis S1959 (O3) antibodies may bind to the internal part of S. fid...

We study how opening to trade affects economic growth in a model where heterogeneous firms can adopt new technologies already use by other their home country. characterize the rate using summary statistic of profit distribution: mean-min ratio. Opening increases spread through increased export opportunities and foreign competition, induces more rapid technology adoption, generates faster growth...

This papers analyses the causes behind Africa’s unfortunate transformation into the source of the world’s slaves over the early modern period. We discuss the economic and technological forces leading to it, and address questions such as why were most slave buyers Europeans and most slave sellers Africans. We then relate the discussion to the long-term determinants of African underdevelopment, a...

This essay analyzes the long-term lessons of the recent upturn and downturn in the telecommunications industry. It concludes that volatility and cyclicality will be an inherent part of the telecom sector in the future. To deal with such instabilities, companies and investors seek consolidation and cooperation. Government, too, is likely to stress stability more than before. Hence, an oligopoly ...