BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a multitude of diseases, ranging from fractures to cancer. Nearly 99% of vitamin D metabolites are bound to proteins, altering the relationship between concentration and activity. METHODS & RESULTS Normalized concentrations were calculated and validated using published data regarding the correlation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with bone mine...

The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature regarding calcium and Vitamin D deficiencies in vegan diets and the possible relationship to low bone mineral density and incidence for fracture. Prominent databases were searched for original research publications providing data capable of answering these questions: (i) Do vegans have lower-than-recommended levels of calcium/Vitam...

Although low vitamin D status resulting from night work is a suspected cause of various health disorders, few studies have investigated the association between night-shift work and vitamin D status. Here, we examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in 19 Japanese indoor workers, including night-shift workers, in blood samples collected at the annual medical checkup (late July) in a met...

Background: The relationship between vitamin D and asthma is still under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and clinical characteristics of asthma, and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical manifestations, as them being the issues of debate. Methods: Patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of Chest Diseases Department of...

purpose: to evaluate color vision in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy and compare the results with those of age- and sex- matched normal individuals. methods: this descriptive, comparative study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients without any sign of retinopathy and 100 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. color vision was evaluated using ishihara and far...

objective: depression is the most common co-morbid psychiatric disorder in patients with epilepsy. yet it remains under recognized and under-treated. for depression screening in this patient need to a convenient questionnaire for patients with epilepsy. this questionnaire has shown high sensitivity for depression screening in many studies. the center for epidemiological studies depression scale...