Abstract Background Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a kind of chronic inflammatory disease characterized by highly abnormal immune system. This study aimed to detect the serum levels Th (T helper) cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in cSLE healthy controls, then elucidate their association with clinical ma...