W. I. Gruszecki3 K. Strzałkab, A. Radunzc and G. H. Schmidc a Department o f Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland h Department o f Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jan Zurzycki Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, 31-120 Krakow, Poland c Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl Zellphysiologie, Universität Bielefeld. Postfach 1...

The dynamics of hydrogen bubbles produced by water electrolysis in an acidic electrolyte is studied using electrochemical and optical methods. A defined cyclic modulation the electric potential applied at a microelectrode to produce pairs interacting H $_2$ controlled manner. Three scenarios interactions are identified systematically. most prominent one consists sudden reversal motion first det...

competition is against monopoly and intellectual property creates monopoly for intellectual property owner. this article had been paid cooperation between apparently contradictory policies. exhaustion, parallel imports, compulsory license, intellectual property exploitation contract that coincide with competition are methods of cooperation between intellectual property and competition law. comp...

this paper presents the results of a series of monotonic and post-cyclic triaxial tests carried out on a clay specimen and three types of clay-sand mixed specimens. the focus of the paper is on the post-cyclic mechanical behavior of the mixed specimens, as compared to their monotonic behavior. analyses of the tests results show that cyclic loading degrade undrained shear strength and deformatio...

mixed clayey soils occur as mixtures of sand (or gravel) and clay in widely varying proportions. their engineering behavior has not been comprehensively studied yet. an experimental program, comprising monotonic, cyclic, and post-cyclic triaxial tests was undertaken on compacted clay-granular material mixtures, having different proportions of clay and sand or gravel. this paper presents the res...

‎‎a natural generalization of two dimensional cyclic code ($t{tdc}$) is two dimensional skew cyclic code‎. ‎it is well-known that there is a correspondence between two dimensional skew cyclic codes and left ideals of the quotient ring $r_n:=f[x,y;rho,theta]/_l$‎. ‎in this paper we characterize the left ideals of the ring $r_n$ with two methods and find the generator matrix for two dimensional s...

Based on a cyclic predator-prey model of three species, spiral waves on global level of the system are obtained. It is found that the predation intensity greatly affects on the behaviors of spiral waves. The wavelength of spiral waves alter with the mobility in the form of λ ∼ D. Values of θ are determined by predation rates between species. It indicates the behaviors of spiral waves varying wi...

Entropy serves as a central observable in equilibrium thermodynamics. However, many biological and ecological systems operate far from thermal equilibrium. Here we show that entropy production can characterize the behavior of such nonequilibrium systems. To this end we calculate the entropy production for a population model that displays nonequilibrium behavior resulting from cyclic competition...

A stochastic model is here introduced to investigate the molecular mechanisms which trigger the perception of pain. The action of analgesic drug compounds is discussed in a dynamical context, where the competition with inactive species is explicitly accounted for. Finite size effects inevitably perturb the meanfield dynamics: Oscillations in the amount of bound receptors spontaneously manifest,...