In this paper, an investigation on the relation between state-building and Near Eastern religion is attempted. Analyzing the city-state of Ḥaṭrā (Iraq, close to Kirkuk), it is demonstrated that pre-Islamic state craft in the region was dependent on the initiative of the Parthian monarchy in Iran. The kings of the Arsacid dynasty attempted to bestow the local Arabic tribes in the Jazira with a c...

the present study aims at exploring the relation between long term memory and two teaching methods: research-centered teaching and customary lecturing. the promotion of exploratory thinking which is provoked in the research-centered teaching method is considered to lead to hypothetical research and analytical thinking among students. two separate courses in neurophysiology at tehran university ...

This contribution deals with a theme relating to the Tlemcenois, territory regrouping Tlemcen medina, pre-colonial city and former capital of central Maghreb hawz, set localities its periphery including Ain El Hûts. Thus defined, this is known for ritual facilities Moorish bath, commonly called Hammam. Knowing that social space, functions, we approached subject highlight mode management, based ...

Part I of this article briefly describes customary law and explores the effect of colonialism on legal pluralism and the region’s early post-colonial constitutions. Part II describes the structure and content of constitutional clauses that exclude personal law and customary law from constitutional non-discrimination protection. Part III briefly examines international and regional human rights l...