one of the problems, which are studied in islamic jurisprudence and has obtained many disputations on it, is the problem of silence of defendant. whenever a person sets forth a claim to a judge the judge requests the defendant to state his or her opinion about the claim. if the defendant replies to the request, he either denies the claim or accepts it. so there would be two react each of which ...

This paper responds to the current emphasis on organisational learning in the NHS as a means of improving healthcare systems and making hospitals safer places for patients. Conspiracies of silence have been identified as obstacles to organisational learning, covering error and hampering communication. In this paper we question the usefulness of the term and suggest that “cultural censorship”, a...

organizational silence is defined as the lack of effective interactions among staff and it standsopposite to the concept of organizational voice. in the present research, the purpose is to measure thesilence behavior among the research institute of petroleum industry (ripi) staff before and after theimplementation of a comprehensive suggestion system. a suggestion system is an internal structur...

Organizational voice and silence are two intertwined strategies in organizations. Organizational voice is an appropriate communicational tool in order to improve the organization. On the other hand, silence can have destructive effects on the decision-making process and organizational changes. Organizational culture is the important factor which facilitates ways of expressing ideas by employees...

This paper responds to the current emphasis on organisational learning in the NHS as a means of improving healthcare systems and making hospitals safer places for patients. Conspiracies of silence have been identified as obstacles to organisational learning, covering error and hampering communication. In this paper we question the usefulness of the term and suggest that "cultural censorship", a...

The dualistic nature of the present study explored if there existed any relationship between organizational silence, job insecurity, job satisfaction, and burnout among EFL instructors and if job satisfaction me- diated the latent relationships among organizational silence, job insecurity, and burnout. To this end, 120 EFL instructors from different Azad University branches in the Fars pr...