The syntax of an imperative language does not mention explicitly the state, while its denotational semantics has to mention it. In this paper we present a framework for the verification in Coq of properties of programs manipulating the global state effect. These properties are expressed in a proof system which is close to the syntax, as in effect systems, in the sense that the state does not ap...

Modern software development increasingly often takes place in geographically distributed contexts involving multiple development groups with different backgrounds and roles. Part or most of software systems is provided through COTS components, Open Source, outsourcing, multi-party collaboration and distributed development teams. The software architecture plays an increasingly important role to ...

Acute effects of altered preload on systolic time intervals were examined in I7 patients; 7 subjects without acute myocardial infarction and normal haemodynamics (post aortic valve surgery-Class I), 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction and raised left ventricular filling pressure, and 4 patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal filling pressure. Alterations in preload were bro...

Tracheostomy tubes are used to administer positive-pressure ventilation, to provide a patent airway, to provide protection from aspiration, and to provide access to the lower respiratory tract for airway clearance. They are available in a variety of sizes and styles, from several manufacturers. The dimensions of tracheostomy tubes are given by their inner diameter, outer diameter, length, and c...

Damage to the trachea produced in dogs by large and small residual volume cuffs during 6 h of IPPV was compared using a specially designed endotracheal tube. The cuffs under evaluation were adjusted to exert similar average pressures on the tracheal wall, so that many of the variables believed responsible for tracheal injury were controlled. The true compliance of the cuff was measured with the...

BACKGROUND Hypoxia and decreased blood supply have been proposed as risks for tendon rupture. Visualization of the vascularity of intact and torn rotator cuffs would be useful for improving treatments for rotator cuff tear. PURPOSE To assess vascularity inside a tendon or an adjacent rotator cuff insertion point in patients differing in age and extent of damage to the tendon. STUDY DESIGN C...

Key points † Optimizing tracheal sealing is of clinical interest: fluid leakage past the tube cuff plays an important role in the pathogenesis of VAP. † Tapered shaped tube cuff offering a sealing zone with reduced folds and channels is a new strategy to minimize fluid leakage past the tracheal tube cuff. † Tracheal tube cuffs made from PVC show much more and faster fluid leakage than cuffs mad...

This paper describes a method that uses two cuffs to improve accuracy of blood pressure and hemodynamics estimation. A specially designed dual-cuff experimental system was used to acquire and process data from the two cuffs. The arm cuff provided cuff pressures and cuff arterial pulse waveforms. The arm cuff pulse pressure waveforms were used to compute mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic pr...