Genes involved in a viral resistance response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Othello) were identified by inoculating a geminivirus reporter (Bean dwarf mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein), extracting RNA from tissue undergoing the defense response, and amplifying sequences with degenerate R gene primers. One such gene (a TIR-NBS-LRR gene, RT4-4) was selected for funct...

background: cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) from the bromoviridae family, is one of the most widespread plant viruses in the world. objectives: in the present study tomato fields in guilan, isfahan, khorasan razavi, khuzestan and tehran provinces were surveyed to determine the presence of cmv subgroups during 2011-2012. materials and methods: out of 305 symptomatic leaf samples tested by enzyme-lin...

bacillus anthracis as a spore-forming bacterium is the causative agent for anthrax. three proteins from b. anthracis including protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf) and edema factor (ef) are causative factors of this bacteria. to produce plant-based vaccine, fusion protein of pa 4 domain and lf 1 domain via furin cleavage site joined to subunit b vibrio cholera toxin (ctb) as an inducer o...

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene is suppressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with potato virus Y (PVY) or with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), but not in plants infected with potato virus X (PVX). By expressing PVY and CMV-encoded proteins in a PVX vector we have shown that the viral suppressors of gene silencing are the HCPro of ...

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) has isometric, 33 nm diameter particles and a bipartite RNA genome. Sequencing of the larger component (RNA-1) showed that it consists of 5449 nucleotides and contains one large open reading frame encoding a putative translation product with a calculated M(r) of 190,000. Comparisons of this polypeptide with non-structural proteins of other plant viruses reveal...

The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) suppressor 2b co-localizes with AGO4 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of Arabidopsis thaliana Biochemical fractionation of A. thaliana cellular extracts revealed that 2b and AGO4 coexist in multiple size exclusions. 2b transgenic A. thaliana exhibited an enhanced accumulation of 24nt siRNAs from flowering wageningen (FWA) and other heterochromatic loci. These...

Posttranscriptional/translational regulation of gene expression is mediated by diverse RNA binding proteins and plays an important role in development and defense processes. Among the RNA-binding proteins, the mammalian Pumilio RNA-binding family (Puf) acts as posttranscriptional and translational repressors. An Arabidopsis Puf mutant, apum5-D, was isolated during a T-DNA insertional mutant scr...

Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline, and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) were evaluated in tomato (Solanum lycopercicum cv. Superchief) plants in response to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and inoculation with CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 15 after virus inoculation (dpi). Results showed that proline content increased in all treatmen...

Viruses are the most common causes of diseases affecting cucurbits in New York. These diseases result in losses through reduction in growth and yield and are responsible for distortion and mottling of fruit , making the product unmarketable. A complex of viruses is able to infect cucurbits, a plant group that includes cucumber , melon , squash, pumpkins , and watermelon. The most important viru...

Viral attacks on natural populations of herbaceous forage legumes might have adverse effect on seed and herbage production, hence this study was carried out to investigate the type and incidence of viruses occurring on these plants in Nigeria. Protein A-sandwich (PAS) and antigen-coated plate (ACP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect ten legume viruses from 100 leaf s...