The mouse urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene was used as a model macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)-inducible gene to investigate CSF-1 signalling pathways. Nuclear run-on analysis showed that induction of uPA mRNA by CSF-1 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was at the transcriptional level in bone marrow-derived macrophages. CSF-1 and PMA synergized strongly in the in...

BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable fatal motoneuron disease with a lifetime risk of approximately 1:400. It is characterized by progressive weakness, muscle wasting, and death ensuing 3-5 years after diagnosis. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a drug candidate for ALS, with evidence for efficacy from animal studies and interesting data from pilot clin...

A fusion protein was synthesized consisting of the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) gene spliced to a truncated form of the diphtheria toxin (DT390) gene coding for a molecule that retained full enzymatic activity, but excluded the native binding domain. The DT390-mGM-CSF hybrid gene was cloned into a vector under the control of an inducible promoter and the pro...

Human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein that is essential for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells into mature granulocytes and macrophages. In this report we have used a mouse GM-CSF cDNA clone to isolate human GM-CSF clones from libraries made from HUT-102 messenger RNA and mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocyte messenger RNA. Th...

BACKGROUND Epilepsy is refractory to medical treatment in about one-third of the patients. The exact pathological mechanism of epilepsy pharmacoresistance is still unclear, but a decreased antiepileptic drug (AED) uptake into the brain is suspected to play a role. P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transmembrane transporter encoded by ABCB1 gene and located at the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barr...

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a key cytokine for the generation and stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs), and it may also play a pivotal role in promoting the survival of DCs. In this study, the feasibility of creating a cancer vaccine using DCs adenovirally transduced with the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene and the GM-CSF gene was examined. In addition, the ...

We have previously shown that protein production and mRNA expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin-3 are decreased in stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs) from human umbilical cord compared with adult peripheral blood. These deficiencies may contribute to the increased susceptibility of neonates to inf...

We have investigated the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) delivery at the site of tumor growth by transducing, via retroviral vector, the human (hu) G-CSF gene into the colon adenocarcinoma C-26 and assaying the ability of transduced cells to form tumors when injected into syngeneic mice. As a control, the same tumor cells were infected with retroviruses engineered to tra...

We reported previously that treatment of human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with GM-CSF enhances the granulocytic differentiation, which is induced only slightly by ATRA alone. To investigate the mechanism underlying this differentiation and the synergistic effect of ATRA and GM-CSF, we used cDNA microarray to examine gene expression profil...