We show that the class of level-k control languages, as defined by Weir, is properly included in the class of 2 k−1-multiple context-free languages for each k ≥ 2. The proof of inclusion uses a representation of the set of derivation trees for a level-k control language in terms of a second-order abstract categorial grammar. 1.1 Introduction Weir (1992a) introduced a hierarchy of language class...

Thin-plate weirs are commonly used as measuring devices in flumes and channels, enabling an accurate discharge measurement with simple instruments. The calibration formulae of such devices rely upon some empirical coefficients and there is a need to obtain new accurate physical data to complement the existing evidence. In the present study, the discharge calibration of a large 901 V-notch thin ...

This paper is concerned with monitoring the hourly event-based river suspended sediment concentration (SSC) due to storms in Jiasian diversion weir in southern Taiwan. The weir is built for supplying 0.3 million tons of water per day averagely for civil and industrial use. Information of suspended sediments fluxes of rivers is crucial for monitoring the quality of water. The issue of water qual...

Crump interprets the stories, rather than simply recounting them. Her background as a research biologist, and her fi eld experience with native peoples, give her a broad perspective on the topic. She weaves a deft blend of summary and commentary, and often returns to emergent themes. Why do particular species appear in leading roles? Why do snakes and toads so often end up both as hero and vill...

TRIAL SUMMARY: GDP less toxic but equally effective relative to DHAP. Crump M, Kuruvilla J, Couban S, et al. Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin (GDP) compared to dexamethasone, cytarabine, cisplatin (DHaP) chemotherapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphomas: final results of the randomized Phase III NCIC CTG study Ly12. Presented at aSH...

Like many others, I see Crump et al. (2022) as a milestone for improving upon previous guidelines and extending their framework to decapod crustaceans. Their proposal would benefit from firm evolutionary foundation by adding the comparative measurement of life-history complexity ninth criterion attributing sentience nonhuman animals.

This report updates the risk assessment by Crump and Allen for benzene-induced leukemia that was based on a cohort exposed to benzene in the manufacture of Pliofilm. The present study derives new risk estimates using data from follow-up through 1987 (whereas the earlier assessment only had follow-up available through 1978) and uses new exposure information for this cohort developed by Paustenba...