This study investigated the consequences of exposure to crude oil on components of the immune system of male rats. A total of 40 male albino rats were used for the experiment. Exposure to crude oil was achieved by oral administration of increasing doses (low, medium and high) of Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil to the rats every other day for 4 weeks. Haematological parameters, relative weight...

conventional treatment of naja naja oxiana (nno) envenoming requires large volumes of equine antivenin raised against nno crude venom. the poor efficiency of this antivenin is assumed to be due to the high molecular weight non-toxic proteins, a strong immunogen, present in the crude venom. these proteins cause depression of antibody formation against the low molecular weight toxic components of...

A problem with CDR is that it disregards the age structure of the population. For this reason, it is called crude. If people in an area are predominantly old, a high CDR is not as bad as in an area where the population is predominantly young. Thus, a CDR of 7 per 1000 population in the year 20010 in Sweden should not be construed to mean that the health status is nearly the same as in India, wh...

If we aren’t sure what consciousness is, how can we be sure we haven’t already built it? In this article I speak from the perspective of someone who routinely builds small-scale machine intelligence. I begin by discussing the difficulty in finding the functional utility for a convincing analog of consciousness when considering the capabilities of modern computational systems. I then move to con...

Transportation of unrefined crude oil from the production unit to a refinery or large storage area by a pipeline is difficult due to the different properties of crude in various areas. Thus, the design of a crude oil pipeline is a very complex and time consuming process, when considering all the various parameters. There were three very important parameters that play a significant role in the t...

Continuous culture and in vivo experiments were conducted to measure changes in ruminal fermentation and animal performance when crude glycerol was added to diets. For the continuous culture experiment (n = 6), diets consisted of 4 levels of crude glycerol (0, 5, 10, and 20%) that replaced corn grain. Dry matter and OM digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05) when crude glycerol increased in...

The utilization of two crude oil samples of different quality at 4 and 30 C has been studied by using pure and mixed bacterial cultures obtained by enrichment procedures. Growth, emulsification, and utilization occurred readily at both temperatures. The crude oil residue is increased in specific gravity and readily sediments out of solution. A comparison of the chemical analysis of the oils by ...

background: hydrocarbons degradation is principally achieved by microorganisms in natural environments. the extent of hydrocarbons biodegradation is mainly conditioned by environmental factors and its success depends on the optimal condition for the crude oil degrading isolates. objectives: the aims of the current study was to isolate and identify crude oil degrading bacterium from surface sedi...