OBJECTIVE: Nonheterosexual adolescents are vulnerable to health risks including addiction, bullying, and familial abuse. We examined whether they also suffer disproportionate school and criminal-justice sanctions. METHODS: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health followed a nationally representative sample of adolescents who were in grades 7 through 12 in 1994–1995. Data from the 19...

This contribution offers a critical reflection on fisheries crime as described in the Spanish Penal Code. It sets out reasons why its treatment is considered ineffective, and administrative offences sanctions provided for Law 3/2001 Maritime Fisheries are more effective dissuasive. However, it also considers that legislative policy relying severity of effectiveness may be counterproductive. The...

Implementation of criminal sanctions in the Act No. 28 Year 2007 on General Rules Taxation, give rise to legal issues conceptual level. That Tax Law, is a part State Administration requiring forceful measures for taxpayers, especially Taxable Entrepreneur, which principle form criminalization administrative behavior. Criminal through legality, wants norm setting strict and obviously legislation...